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Blame everyone: Error-related devaluation in Eriksen flanker task.

Andrey Chetverikov1, Polina Iamschinina2, Alena Begler2

  • 1Laboratory for Visual Perception and Visuomotor Control, Faculty of Psychology, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland; Cognitive Research Lab, Russian Academy of National Economy and Public Administration, Moscow, Russia; Department of Psychology, Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia.

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Errors in cognitive tasks lead to disliking associated stimuli. This study shows that both attended and ignored stimuli are devalued after errors, regardless of attention distribution.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Stimulus preference is influenced by cognitive processing, particularly past experiences.
  • Errors made during cognitive tasks can lead to negative associations with the stimuli involved.
  • Previous research indicates that errors in tasks like visual search or categorization result in stimulus devaluation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if error-related devaluation occurs in the Eriksen flanker task.
  • To determine if attention distribution affects error-related devaluation.
  • To explore the mechanisms underlying error-related devaluation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized the Eriksen flanker task to assess stimulus processing and error detection.
  • Manipulated attention by focusing on targets versus distractors.
  • Measured stimulus preference following errors on compatible and incompatible trials.

Main Results:

  • Both attended stimuli (targets) and ignored stimuli (distractors) were devalued after errors on compatible trials.
  • No significant devaluation was observed after errors on incompatible trials.
  • The degree of devaluation for targets and distractors was comparable, suggesting attention distribution does not significantly alter error-related negative affect.

Conclusions:

  • Error-related devaluation is present in the Eriksen flanker task.
  • Attention distribution does not significantly modulate the impact of errors on stimulus affect.
  • Findings suggest that negative affect associated with errors is broadly attributed, irrespective of attentional focus.