Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis00:59

Model-Independent Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Noncompartmental Analysis

359
Noncompartmental analyses offer an alternative method for describing drug pharmacokinetics without relying on a specific compartmental model. In this approach, the drug's pharmacokinetics are assumed to be linear, with the terminal phase log-linear. This assumption allows for simplified analysis and interpretation of the drug's behavior in the body.
One important characteristic of noncompartmental analyses is that drug exposure increases proportionally with increasing doses. This...
359
Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion01:26

Pharmacokinetic Models: Comparison and Selection Criterion

393
Physiological and compartmental models are valuable tools used in studying biological systems. These models rely on differential equations to maintain mass balance within the system, ensuring an accurate representation of the dynamic processes at play.
Physiological models take a detailed approach by considering specific molecular processes. They can predict drug distribution, metabolism, and elimination changes, providing a comprehensive understanding of how drugs interact with the body.
393
Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models00:57

Physiological Pharmacokinetic Models: Blood Flow-Limited Versus Diffusion-Limited Models

377
Physiological pharmacokinetic models, often called flow-limited or perfusion models, typically assume a swift drug distribution between tissue and venous blood, creating a rapid drug equilibrium. This premise is based on the idea that drug diffusion is extremely fast, and the cell membrane presents no barrier to drug permeation. In this scenario, where no drug binding occurs, the drug concentration in the tissue equals that of the venous blood leaving the tissue. This greatly simplifies the...
377
Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models01:06

Model Approaches for Pharmacokinetic Data: Distributed Parameter Models

277
Pharmacokinetic models are mathematical constructs that represent and predict the time course of drug concentrations in the body, providing meaningful pharmacokinetic parameters. These models are categorized into compartment, physiological, and distributed parameter models.
The distributed parameter models are specifically designed to account for variations and differences in some drug classes. This model is particularly useful for assessing regional concentrations of anticancer or...
277
Analysis Methods of Pharmacokinetic Data: Model and Model-Independent Approaches01:14

Analysis Methods of Pharmacokinetic Data: Model and Model-Independent Approaches

578
Drug disposition in the body is a complex process and can be studied using two major approaches: the model and the model-independent approaches.
The model approach uses mathematical models to describe changes in drug concentration over time. Pharmacokinetic models help characterize drug behavior in patients, predict drug concentration in the body fluids, calculate optimum dosage regimens, and evaluate the risk of toxicity. However, ensuring that the model fits the experimental data accurately...
578
Pharmacodynamic Models: Link Model and Systems Pharmacodynamic Model01:14

Pharmacodynamic Models: Link Model and Systems Pharmacodynamic Model

30
The link model is a fundamental pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK–PD) approach to account for delayed drug responses when the observed effect does not immediately correlate with the drug's plasma concentration peak. This delay is mathematically addressed by introducing an effect compartment concentration, Ce, which is kinetically linked to the plasma concentration, Cp, via a first-order rate constant, ke0. The linkage allows for a more accurate prediction of drug effects over time. A...
30

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PET/CT imaging of tuberculosis lung lesions in marmosets treated with different drug regimens aligns with human clinical outcomes.

Science translational medicine·2026
Same author

Prediction of Cover-Subsidence Sinkhole Volume Using Fibre Bragg Grating Strain Sensor Data.

Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same author

A pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic model for chemoprotective agents against malaria.

CPT: pharmacometrics & systems pharmacology·2022
Same author

Numerical Convergence Analysis of the Frank-Kamenetskii Equation.

Entropy (Basel, Switzerland)·2020
Same author

Nonstandard finite difference approach for solving 3-compartment pharmacokinetic models.

International journal for numerical methods in biomedical engineering·2018

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

33.5K

Nonstandard Finite Difference Method Applied to a Linear Pharmacokinetics Model.

Oluwaseun Egbelowo1, Charis Harley2, Byron Jacobs3

  • 1DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in the Mathematical and Statistical Sciences, School of Computer Science and Applied Mathematics, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, Private Bag 3, Wits 2050, South Africa. oluwaseun@aims.edu.gh.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 28, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) method for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models. The NSFD scheme accurately predicts drug behavior and demonstrates efficiency for PK/PD analysis.

Keywords:
intravenous bolus injectionintravenous infusionnonstandard finite differencepharmacokineticstandard finite difference

More Related Videos

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

26.2K
An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage
07:57

An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage

Published on: April 23, 2017

6.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs
10:02

Use of Rabbit Eyes in Pharmacokinetic Studies of Intraocular Drugs

Published on: July 23, 2016

33.5K
A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates
10:33

A Method for Determination and Simulation of Permeability and Diffusion in a 3D Tissue Model in a Membrane Insert System for Multi-well Plates

Published on: February 23, 2018

26.2K
An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage
07:57

An Experimental and Finite Element Protocol to Investigate the Transport of Neutral and Charged Solutes across Articular Cartilage

Published on: April 23, 2017

6.6K

Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Computational Biology
  • Numerical Analysis

Background:

  • Pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models are crucial for predicting drug concentrations and their effects.
  • Standard methods for solving these models can be computationally intensive or less accurate for complex dynamics.
  • Accurate modeling is essential for understanding drug behavior in biological systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) method for solving pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) models.
  • To develop and validate a dynamically consistent NSFD scheme for PK/PD systems.
  • To compare the efficiency and reliability of the NSFD scheme against standard numerical methods.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a nonstandard finite difference (NSFD) scheme tailored for PK/PD model equations.
  • Implementation of the NSFD scheme to simulate drug concentration and effect dynamics.
  • Comparative analysis of NSFD results against solutions obtained through conventional numerical techniques.

Main Results:

  • The developed NSFD scheme is dynamically consistent and reliable across varying step sizes.
  • The NSFD method effectively replicates complex dynamic properties inherent in continuous PK/PD models.
  • The study validates the efficiency and suitability of the NSFD scheme for PK/PD modeling.

Conclusions:

  • The nonstandard finite difference method offers a robust and efficient approach for analyzing PK/PD models.
  • This NSFD scheme aids in understanding the long-term behavior of drugs within a system.
  • The NSFD method is presented as a valuable tool for PK/PD research and drug development.