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Optimizing estradiol serum levels for optimal skeletal and cardiovascular health during transdermal menopausal hormone therapy.

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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
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Clinical trials in menopause.

Kathryn I Marko1, James A Simon

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, and Women's Health & Research Consultants, Washington, DC.

Menopause (New York, N.Y.)
|September 28, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Menopausal hormone therapy (HT) may reduce cardiovascular disease risk in women near menopause. While offering benefits for symptoms and bone health, risks like venous thromboembolism exist, necessitating careful consideration.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Endocrinology
  • Cardiovascular Medicine
  • Women's Health

Background:

  • Menopause management has evolved due to clinical trial scrutiny.
  • Significant impact on symptomatic menopause treatment and women's health.
  • Ongoing debate surrounding menopausal hormone therapy (HT) and vascular disease risk.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review key studies on menopausal hormone therapy (HT) controversies.
  • To highlight emerging research on HT and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk.
  • To inform clinical practice regarding HT in postmenopausal women.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search of sentinel studies on HT risks and benefits.
  • PubMed search using terms related to hormone therapy and cardiovascular disease.
  • Inclusion of studies on postmenopausal women using combined or estrogen-only HT, evaluating CVD risk factors and outcomes.

Main Results:

  • HT shows decreased coronary heart disease risk in women near menopause.
  • Benefits include improved vasomotor symptoms, bone health, and reduced colorectal cancer risk.
  • Oral HT increases venous thromboembolism risk, mitigated by transdermal estradiol; breast cancer data is mixed.

Conclusions:

  • HT is a potential option for primary prevention of cardiovascular disease in postmenopausal women.
  • Further trials are expected to confirm HT's role in CVD prevention.
  • Clinical practice changes may be slow due to existing fears surrounding HT.