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Related Concept Videos

Fermentation01:29

Fermentation

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Most eukaryotic organisms require oxygen to survive and function adequately. Such organisms produce large amounts of energy during aerobic respiration by metabolizing glucose and oxygen into carbon dioxide and water. However, most eukaryotes can generate some energy in the absence of oxygen by anaerobic metabolism.
Fermentation is a type of metabolic process that occurs in the absence of oxygen, where organic molecules such as glucose are broken down to produce energy. During this process, the...
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Fates of Pyruvate01:20

Fates of Pyruvate

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Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
In aerobic organisms, pyruvate is metabolized via the citric acid cycle to produce reduced coenzymes NADH and FADH2. These coenzymes are then oxidized in the electron transport chain to produce ATP and, in the process, regenerate the NAD+ and FAD. As seen in some cell types and organisms, fermentation...
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Carbohydrate Catabolism01:30

Carbohydrate Catabolism

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Carbohydrate catabolism is a fundamental process in cellular metabolism that enables energy extraction from glucose through two primary pathways: cellular respiration and fermentation. Both pathways begin with glycolysis, which operates independently of oxygen availability.Glycolysis: A Shared Starting PointGlycolysis is an oxygen-independent process that breaks down glucose into two molecules of pyruvic acid. During this process, a net gain of two ATP molecules and two NADH molecules is...
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Microbial Fermentation01:23

Microbial Fermentation

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Fermentation is a crucial anaerobic metabolic process that enables microbes to derive energy from sugar without relying on oxygen or an electron transport chain. This process is fundamental to various biological and industrial applications and is classified based on the metabolic products generated.Role of Pyruvate in FermentationPyruvate and its derivatives serve as key electron acceptors in fermentative pathways. The oxidation of NADH to regenerate NAD+ is essential for the continuation of...
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Cellular Respiration01:18

Cellular Respiration

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Cellular respiration is a crucial metabolic process through which cells obtain energy from organic substances, mainly glucose, to produce adenosine triphosphate (ATP). This process includes the oxidation of substrates and the transfer of electrons to a separate electron acceptor, facilitating ATP synthesis through a sequence of biochemical reactions.Glycolysis: The Initial StepGlycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration, occurring in the cytoplasm of both prokaryotic and eukaryotic...
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Anoxygenic Photosynthesis01:30

Anoxygenic Photosynthesis

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Anoxygenic photosynthesis is a phototrophic process that captures light energy to drive carbon fixation without producing molecular oxygen. Unlike oxygenic photosynthesis, which utilizes water as an electron donor and releases oxygen, anoxygenic phototrophs use alternative electron donors such as hydrogen sulfide (H₂S), elemental sulfur (S⁰), or thiosulfate (S₂O₃²⁻). This process is carried out by diverse groups of bacteria, including purple bacteria, green...
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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions
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Medium Preparation for the Cultivation of Microorganisms under Strictly Anaerobic/Anoxic Conditions

Published on: August 15, 2019

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Anaerobic Process.

Fang Huang, Mei-Ting Ju, Wei-Zun Li

    Water Environment Research : a Research Publication of the Water Environment Federation
    |September 29, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This review summarizes 2016 literature on anaerobic processes, covering pretreatment, organic waste, and multi-stage co-digestion technologies. It details advancements in process methodology and applications for sustainable waste management.

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    Continuously-stirred Anaerobic Digester to Convert Organic Wastes into Biogas: System Setup and Basic Operation
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    Area of Science:

    • Environmental Science and Engineering
    • Biotechnology

    Background:

    • Anaerobic processes are crucial for organic waste management and energy recovery.
    • Continuous research is vital to optimize these processes.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To review and synthesize the latest advancements in anaerobic process literature from 2016.
    • To provide an overview of key research areas including pretreatment, organic waste, and co-digestion.

    Main Methods:

    • Comprehensive literature search of publications from 2016.
    • Categorization of research into thematic sections: Pretreatment, Organic Waste, Multiple-stage Co-digestion, and Process Methodology and Technology.

    Main Results:

    • Identified key trends and innovations in anaerobic digestion technologies.
    • Highlighted progress in optimizing feedstock pretreatment and co-digestion strategies.
    • Documented advancements in process control and technological applications.

    Conclusions:

    • The year 2016 showed significant progress in anaerobic process research, particularly in enhancing efficiency and sustainability.
    • Further research is needed to fully exploit the potential of advanced anaerobic digestion technologies for waste valorization.