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Related Concept Videos

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
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Under normal conditions, most adult cells remain in a non-proliferative state unless stimulated by internal or external factors to replace lost cells. Abnormal cell proliferation is a condition in which the cell's growth exceeds and is uncoordinated with normal cells. In such situations, cell division persists in the same excessive manner even after cessation of the stimuli, leading to persistent tumors. The tumor arises from the damaged cells that replicate to pass the damage to the...
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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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CD151 Expression Is Associated with a Hyperproliferative T Cell Phenotype.

Lillian Seu1, Christopher Tidwell2, Laura Timares2

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 lillian.seu@gmail.com okutsch@uab.edu.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|September 29, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Tetraspanin CD151 marks hyperproliferative T cells, not just cancer cells. This immune cell marker is linked to distinct T cell subsets and actively drives cell cycle changes, leading to antigen-independent proliferation.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Tetraspanin CD151 is associated with aggressive cancer cell proliferation and invasiveness.
  • Previous reports suggest CD151 expression on T cells, prompting investigation into its role in T cell activation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if CD151 marks hyperactivated T cells.
  • To characterize the T cell subsets expressing CD151 and their functional properties.

Main Methods:

  • Flow cytometry to analyze CD151 expression on different T cell lineages and differentiation states.
  • Kinome array and network analysis to identify molecular differences in CD151+ T cells.
  • Long-term T cell culture experiments to assess proliferation.

Main Results:

  • CD151 expression varied by T cell lineage (CD8 > CD4) and differentiation state (naive < central memory < effector memory < T effector memory RA+).
  • CD151 marked CD28- T cells similarly to the senescence marker CD57, but also identified a distinct CD28+ T cell population.
  • CD151 actively altered cell cycle control and cell death pathways in T cells, promoting antigen-independent, hyperresponsive proliferation.

Conclusions:

  • CD151 is not merely a passive marker but actively influences T cell behavior, promoting hyperproliferation.
  • CD151 identifies and enables a hyperproliferative T cell subset, analogous to its role in cancer aggressiveness.