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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
Published on: January 25, 2019
Compositionally Graded Multilayer Ceramic Capacitors
Hyun-Cheol Song1,2, Jie E Zhou3, Deepam Maurya1
1Center for Energy Harvesting Materials and System (CEHMS), Bio-Inspired Materials and Devices Laboratory (BMDL), Virginia Tech, VA, 24061, USA.
Abstract:
Multilayer ceramic capacitors (MLCC) are widely used in consumer electronics. Here, we provide a transformative method for achieving high dielectric response and tunability over a wide temperature range through design of compositionally graded multilayer (CGML) architecture. Compositionally graded MLCCs were found to exhibit enhanced dielectric tunability (70%) along with small dielectric losses (<2.5%) over the required temperature ranges specified in the standard industrial classifications. The compositional grading resulted in generation of internal bias field which enhanced the tunability due to increased nonlinearity. The electric field tunability of MLCCs provides an important avenue for design of miniature filters and power converters.
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