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Healable and flexible transparent heaters.

Naveen Tiwari1, Ankit, Mayank Rajput

  • 1School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore 637553, Singapore.

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Researchers developed transparent, healable electrodes using a silver nanowire network on modified polyurethane film. These electrodes offer robust, flexible performance and self-healing capabilities, overcoming challenges in flexible electronics.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Polymer Chemistry

Background:

  • Mechanical fracture of electrical conductors limits flexible electronics.
  • Need for robust, transparent, and self-healing materials in wearable devices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Develop transparent and healable electrodes for flexible electronics.
  • Investigate the performance and self-healing properties of novel composite electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of electrodes using a silver nanowire (AgNW) network on a polyurethane film modified with Diels-Alder adducts (PU-DA).
  • Surface modification with hydrophilic molecules to enhance AgNW adhesion.
  • Characterization of electrical, optical, mechanical, and thermal properties.
  • Testing of self-healing capabilities after mechanical damage.

Main Results:

  • Achieved mechanically robust flexible electrodes with a figure of merit of 13.3 Ω □⁻¹ and 77% transmittance at 550 nm.
  • Fabricated transparent and flexible healable heaters (TFHH) with high Joule heating (102 °C at 6 V) and fast thermal response (150 s).
  • Demonstrated excellent durability over 500 bending cycles and self-healing of conductivity after knife damage via heat treatment (120 °C) or electrical power.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PU-DA composite electrodes provide a promising solution for durable, high-performance flexible electronics.
  • The self-healing capability significantly enhances the longevity and reliability of flexible devices.
  • Potential applications include thermochromics, displays, and defrosters.