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Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

Endotracheal Intubation I: Procedure

Endotracheal or ET intubation is a critical medical procedure used to secure a patient's airway, often in acute respiratory distress, apnea, upper airway obstruction, ineffective clearance of secretions, high risk for aspiration, or during general anesthesia.
The ET tube comprises various components, including a standard adaptor to attach a bag-valve-mask (BVM) or ventilator, a cuff, a pilot balloon, and radiopaque markings along its length to measure the insertion distance. The tube sizes...

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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

The Rigid Tube as an Alternative in Controlling the Problematic Airway

The Rigid Tube as an Alternative in Controlling the Problematic Airway

Published on: June 6, 2020

Fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation in patients with Eustachian tube dysfunction.

Kun Yung Kim¹, Jiaywei Tsauo¹, Ho-Young Song²

¹Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, 88, Olymic-ro 43-gil, Songpa-gu, Seoul, 138-736, Republic of Korea.

European Radiology

|September 29, 2017

Summary

Fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation is a safe and feasible technique for treating Eustachian tube dysfunction. This minimally invasive procedure showed high technical success and led to clinical improvement in all patients within three months.

Keywords:

Eustachian tube Interventional Minimally invasive surgical procedures Otitis media with effusion Radiography Valsalva manoeuvre

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Published on: August 2, 2024

Area of Science:

Otolaryngology
Interventional Radiology

Background:

Eustachian tube (ET) dysfunction significantly impacts quality of life.
Current management options for ET dysfunction can be limited.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the technical feasibility and safety of fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation for ET dysfunction.

Main Methods:

Prospective enrollment of patients with chronic otitis media or ET dysfunction unable to perform Valsalva maneuver.
Fluoroscopic guidance used for dilating the cartilaginous portion of the ET with a 2-mm balloon catheter.
Clinical outcomes evaluated by Valsalva maneuver performance and ETDQ-7 scores.

Main Results:

Successful balloon dilation in all 10 adult patients.
No major complications reported; 90% of balloons fully dilated without deformity.
All patients achieved Valsalva maneuver ability and/or ETDQ-7 score improvement.

Conclusions:

Fluoroscopy-guided balloon dilation is a technically feasible and safe treatment for ET dysfunction.
The procedure is well-tolerated, allows monitoring, and prevents false passages with guide-wire use.
Clinical improvement observed in all patients within 3 months post-procedure.