[Progress in Zika virus and its vaccines]

Area of Science:

• Virology
• Epidemiology
• Vaccinology

Background:

• Zika virus is a mosquito-borne flavivirus, previously of limited concern due to restricted distribution and mild symptoms.
• Recent outbreaks, notably in Brazil since 2015, have elevated Zika virus to a global health concern due to its association with microcephaly.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the biology, epidemiology, and clinical features of Zika virus.
• To summarize the current research and development of various Zika virus vaccines.
• To provide a reference for Zika vaccine researchers by including information on other flavivirus vaccines.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of Zika virus biology, epidemiology, and clinical manifestations.
• Survey of ongoing Zika vaccine research and development efforts.
• Brief overview of approved and investigational flavivirus vaccines.

Main Results:

• Zika virus, while historically less concerning, poses significant risks, particularly regarding microcephaly.
• Numerous institutions worldwide are actively developing diverse types of Zika virus vaccines.
• Existing flavivirus vaccine data offers valuable insights for Zika vaccine development.

Conclusions:

• Understanding Zika virus's characteristics is crucial for effective disease control.
• Accelerated development of Zika virus vaccines is a global priority.
• Comparative analysis of flavivirus vaccines can inform and expedite Zika vaccine research.