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Minerals

Minerals

Minerals are essential nutrients that the human body needs in small amounts to work properly. They play a vital role in many bodily functions, such as building strong bones and transmitting nerve impulses. Some minerals are needed for hormone production or to maintain a normal heartbeat. Major minerals include calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sulfur, sodium, chlorine, and magnesium, while trace minerals include iron, manganese, copper, iodine, zinc, cobalt, fluoride, and selenium.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium

An Anaerobic Biosensor Assay for the Detection of Mercury and Cadmium

Published on: December 17, 2018

Mineral Dietary Supplement To Decrease Cadmium Relative Bioavailability in Rice Based on a Mouse Bioassay.

Di Zhao¹, Albert L Juhasz², Jun Luo¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing 210023, People's Republic of China.

Environmental Science & Technology

|September 30, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Calcium and high iron mineral supplements effectively reduce cadmium absorption from contaminated rice in mice. Zinc supplements were ineffective, and chloride salts increased cadmium bioavailability.

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Area of Science:

Environmental Toxicology
Nutritional Science
Food Safety

Background:

Cadmium (Cd) exposure from contaminated food sources like rice poses significant health risks.
Dietary minerals are explored for their potential to modulate heavy metal absorption.
Understanding the efficacy of different mineral supplements is crucial for mitigating Cd toxicity.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness of mineral dietary supplements (calcium, zinc, iron) in modulating cadmium relative bioavailability (Cd-RBA) from contaminated rice.
To compare the impact of nitrate versus chloride salt forms of these minerals.
To assess implications for dietary strategies aimed at reducing human cadmium exposure.

Main Methods:

An in vivo mouse bioassay was employed to determine Cd-RBA in rice supplemented with varying concentrations of Ca, Zn, and Fe as nitrate or chloride salts.
Cadmium accumulation in mouse liver and kidneys served as the primary endpoint for Cd-RBA calculation.
Tissue accumulation of supplemented minerals was also measured to understand absorption mechanisms.

Main Results:

Calcium supplements (150-5000 mg kg⁻¹) significantly reduced rice Cd-RBA by 31-80% (to 8.5-29%).
High iron supplements (80-200 mg kg⁻¹) decreased Cd-RBA by 37% (to 26-27%), while low iron had minimal effect.
Zinc supplements were ineffective (Cd-RBA 33-57%), potentially due to increased Zn accumulation in tissues. Chloride salts of calcium increased Cd-RBA compared to nitrate salts.

Conclusions:

Calcium and high-dose iron supplements are effective in reducing cadmium bioavailability from contaminated rice.
Zinc supplementation does not reduce cadmium absorption and may increase tissue zinc levels.
Dietary strategies utilizing specific mineral supplements, particularly calcium nitrate, can mitigate cadmium exposure risks.