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Related Concept Videos

The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells01:10

The Role of Actin and Myosin in Non-muscle Cells

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Actin and myosin or actomyosin filaments also play a significant role in cells other than those involved in muscle contraction (which occurs within the sarcomere of muscle cells). The mechanism of non-muscle cell contractile bundles was first observed in Dictyostelium and Acanthamoeba. In non-muscle cells, two bundles are commonly found: stress fibers and actomyosin adherence belts. These contractile bundles are smaller and less organized than the ones found in muscle cells. They  are held...
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In animal cells, the extracellular matrix allows cells within tissues to withstand external stresses and transmits signals from the outside of the cell to the inside. The extracellular matrix is extensive, and its composition varies between different types of tissues. For example, the reticular fibers and ground substance make up the ECM in loose connective tissue, while collagen and bone minerals make up the ECM of bone tissue. 
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Smooth Muscle Contraction01:25

Smooth Muscle Contraction

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Smooth muscle contraction is a complex process vital for various bodily functions, from maintaining blood vessel tension to facilitating the movement of food through the digestive tract. Unlike striated muscles, smooth muscle contraction begins more slowly and lasts longer.
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Actin and Myosin in Muscle Contraction01:16

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Actin and myosin are contractile proteins that form the sarcomere found in skeletal muscle tissues for regulating muscle contraction. Actin, a globular contractile protein, interacts with myosin for muscle contraction. The skeletal tissue appears striped or striated under a microscope due to the repeated arrangement of contractile proteins actin and myosin along the length of myofibrils. Dark A bands and light I bands repeat along myofibrils, and the alignment of myofibrils in the cell causes...
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Microscopic Anatomy of Skeletal Muscles01:13

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Skeletal muscle cells, also called muscle fibers, are distinctly elongated, multi-nucleated, slender biological units. They are packed with specialized structures designed to facilitate their primary function, which is contraction.
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The Sarcomere01:08

The Sarcomere

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A sarcomere is a microscopic segment repeating in a myofibril. The sarcomere fundamentally consists of two main myofilaments: thick filaments called myosin and thin filaments called actin. These filaments interact by sliding past each other in response to stimulus. In addition to myosin and actin, several other proteins, such as tropomyosin, troponin, titin, nebulin, myomesin, α-actinin, and dystrophin, play crucial roles in regulating, structuring, and functioning of the sarcomere.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton
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A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

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Myofibrils put the squeeze on nuclei.

Jonathan N Rosen1, Mary K Baylies1

  • 1Program in Developmental Biology, Sloan Kettering Institute, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10065, USA.

Nature Cell Biology
|September 30, 2017
PubMed
Summary

During muscle development, cell nuclei move to the myofibre periphery. This essential nuclear migration is driven by forces from myofibril contraction and crosslinking, a process crucial for muscle health.

Area of Science:

  • Muscle biology
  • Cellular dynamics
  • Developmental biology

Background:

  • Nuclei repositioning within myofibres is vital for muscle development and function.
  • Defects in nuclear positioning are associated with certain myopathies.
  • The precise mechanisms driving nuclear migration in muscle cells remain incompletely understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the physical forces responsible for the centripetal movement of nuclei in developing myofibres.
  • To understand the role of myofibril structure and dynamics in nuclear positioning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized advanced microscopy techniques to observe nuclear dynamics in developing muscle cells.
  • Employed biophysical modeling to analyze forces acting on nuclei.
  • Investigated the impact of myofibril crosslinking and contraction on nuclear migration.

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Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation
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Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology
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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 22, 2026

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A Direct Force Probe for Measuring Mechanical Integration Between the Nucleus and the Cytoskeleton

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Biophysical Assays to Probe the Mechanical Properties of the Interphase Cell Nucleus: Substrate Strain Application and Microneedle Manipulation
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Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology
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Combining 3D Magnetic Force Actuator and Multi-Functional Fluorescence Imaging to Study Nucleus Mechanobiology

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Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that myofibril crosslinking and contraction generate centripetal forces.
  • These forces are the primary drivers of nuclei translocation from the myofibre center to the periphery.
  • Disruption of myofibril integrity affects normal nuclear positioning.

Conclusions:

  • Myofibril-generated forces are essential for proper nuclear migration during muscle development.
  • Understanding these forces provides insights into the pathogenesis of diseases with nuclear positioning defects.
  • This finding opens new avenues for therapeutic strategies targeting muscle disorders.