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Ion exchange chromatography separates charged molecules from a solution by reversibly exchanging them with mobile, or 'active', ions associated with the oppositely charged stationary phase. This method can be used to separate ions, soften and deionize water, and purify solutions. The polymers comprising the ion-exchange column are high-molecular-weight and chemically stable polymers, crosslinked to be porous and essentially insoluble. They are also functionalized with either acidic or...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Preparation of Expanded Chitin Foams and their Use in the Removal of Aqueous Copper

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A batch and fixed bed column study for fluorescein removal using chitosan modified by epichlorohydrin.

P M O Silva¹, J E Francisco¹, J C M Cajé¹

¹a Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute , UFF - Federal Fluminense University , Niterói-RJ , Brazil.

Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part A, Toxic/Hazardous Substances & Environmental Engineering

|September 30, 2017

Summary

Modified chitosan effectively removes fluorescein (FSC) from water. Epichlorohydrin modification enhanced chitosan

Keywords:

Chitosan batch chitosan modified by epichlorohydrin dye fixed bed column sorption water treatment

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Area of Science:

Environmental Chemistry
Materials Science
Polymer Chemistry

Background:

Chitosan is a biopolymer with potential applications in water treatment.
Fluorescein (FSC) is a common model pollutant in aqueous solutions.
Developing efficient and stable sorbents is crucial for wastewater remediation.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate commercial chitosan (CQ) and epichlorohydrin-modified chitosan (MQ) for fluorescein removal.
To compare batch and fixed-column adsorption methods.
To assess the impact of modification on chitosan stability and sorptive properties.

Main Methods:

Batch adsorption experiments evaluating pH, mass, ionic strength, temperature, and contact time.
Fixed-column bed studies using breakthrough curves.
Thermodynamic parameter determination.

Main Results:

Optimized batch removal reached 75% with CQ and 99% with MQ.
Fixed-bed experiments showed enhanced removal from 35% to 95% with MQ.
Epichlorohydrin modification improved chitosan's sorptive capacity and insolubility, increasing stability.

Conclusions:

Epichlorohydrin-modified chitosan demonstrates superior performance for fluorescein removal.
The modified polymer is stable and suitable for wastewater treatment applications.
Both batch and fixed-column methods are viable for pollutant removal using chitosan-based sorbents.