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Standard Membrane Feeding Assay for the Detection of Plasmodium falciparum Infection in Anopheles Mosquito Vectors

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Published on: May 12, 2022

Avian Plasmodium in Eastern Austrian mosquitoes.

Ellen Schoener¹, Sarah Susanne Uebleis¹, Julia Butter¹

¹Department of Pathobiology, Institute of Parasitology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Veterinaerplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.

Malaria Journal

|October 1, 2017

Summary

This study identified avian Plasmodium parasites in Austrian mosquitoes, with Culex pipiens and Culex torrentium showing the highest infection rates. It provides a foundational overview of Plasmodium lineages circulating in these vectors.

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Area of Science:

Vector-borne diseases
Parasitology
Entomology

Background:

Mosquitoes (Culicidae) are essential vectors for malaria parasites (Plasmodium spp.).
Limited understanding exists regarding the vector competence of various mosquito species for avian malaria transmission.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the occurrence and diversity of avian Plasmodium parasites in wild-caught mosquitoes in Eastern Austria.
To identify specific mosquito species and lineages infected with Plasmodium.

Main Methods:

Nested PCR was employed to detect Plasmodium spp. in mosquito pools.
Mitochondrial cytochrome b gene sequencing was used to determine Plasmodium diversity.
Mosquitoes were collected and pooled from Eastern Austria between 2013 and 2015.

Main Results:

Avian Plasmodium was detected in 6.43% of mosquito pools across 9 species, predominantly in Culex pipiens s.l. and Culex torrentium.
Six distinct avian Plasmodium lineages were identified, with Plasmodium vaughani SYAT05, Plasmodium sp. Linn1, and Plasmodium relictum SGS1 being the most prevalent.
Culex pipiens f. pipiens showed the highest Plasmodium positive rate (16.74%), while Culex torrentium and Cx. pipiens hybrids had the highest minimum infection rates (MIR).
Seasonal variations in Plasmodium lineage distribution were observed, with shifts in dominance throughout the sampling periods.

Conclusions:

This study represents the first large-scale investigation of avian Plasmodium in Austrian mosquitoes.
Molecular identification of the Culex pipiens complex and Culex torrentium allowed for precise Plasmodium prevalence determination within these taxa and their hybrids.
While vector competence cannot be definitively stated due to the use of pooled samples, the findings offer a valuable overview of avian Plasmodium species and lineages in Austria.