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Retroviruses are RNA viruses that have been shown to cause cancers in diverse species, including chickens, mice, cats, and monkeys. The RNA genomes of these viruses are first reverse-transcribed into single and then double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) copies. This dsDNA called proviral DNA then integrates into the host genome. Subsequently, the host cell transcribes the proviral DNA in concert with the chromosomal DNA. This leads to the production of viral RNA and proteins that assemble at the host...
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Mitochondria are eukaryotic cellular organelles that are known to produce energy through a process called oxidative phosphorylation. Besides their primary function, mitochondria are involved in various cellular processes, including cell growth, differentiation, signaling, metabolism, and senescence. Age-related changes cause a decline in mitochondrial quality and integrity due to increased mitochondrial mutations and oxidative damage. Thus, aging can severely impact mitochondrial functions,...
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Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
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A single mitochondrion is a bean-shaped organelle enclosed by a double-membrane system. The outer membrane of mitochondria is smooth and contains many porins - the integral membrane transporters. Porins enable free diffusion of ions and small uncharged molecules through the outer mitochondrial membrane but limit the transport of molecules larger than 5000 Daltons. Further, the outer mitochondrial membrane forms a unique structure called membrane contact sites with other subcellular organelles,...
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The interaction between mitochondria and oncoviruses.

Shujie Song1, Shasha Gong2, Pragya Singh3

  • 1Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Genetics, College of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Molecular Basis of Disease
|October 1, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Mitochondria are crucial in viral cancer development, influencing host genetics and cellular processes. Viruses hijack mitochondria, altering energy production and signaling to promote oncogenesis by viruses like HBV and HPV.

Keywords:
EBVHBVHCVHIVHPVMitochondriaOncovirus

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Area of Science:

  • Mitochondrial biology
  • Virology
  • Oncogenesis

Background:

  • Mitochondria are vital organelles involved in cellular energy production and signaling.
  • Mitochondrial genomes contribute to the host's genetic makeup.
  • Viral infections can significantly impact host cell mitochondria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the multifaceted roles of mitochondria in viral tumorigenesis.
  • To discuss how viruses modulate mitochondrial functions to promote cancer.
  • To examine oncogenesis mediated by specific oncoviruses.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on mitochondria and viral oncogenesis.
  • Analysis of the impact of viral infections on mitochondrial bioenergetics.
  • Examination of retrograde signaling pathways affected by viruses.

Main Results:

  • Viruses modulate mitochondrial function, affecting host bioenergetics and signaling.
  • Mitochondria are integral to the mechanisms of viral oncogenesis.
  • Specific oncoviruses (HBV, HCV, HPV, HIV, EBV) utilize mitochondrial pathways for tumor promotion.

Conclusions:

  • Mitochondria are key players in the development of virus-associated cancers.
  • Understanding mitochondrial-viral interactions is critical for targeting viral oncogenesis.
  • Targeting mitochondrial pathways may offer novel therapeutic strategies against viral cancers.