Vitamin D Supplementation in Childhood - A Review of Guidelines

Vitamin D, a unique vitamin with endocrine function is required in the human body primarily for calcium homeostasis and possibly several other functions. Deficiency of the vitamin is extremely frequent world-wide. Studies on Indian population place the prevalence of deficiency at 70 to 100% in healthy individuals. There are several guidelines available on definition of vitamin D deficiency and supplementation in healthy children and adults. Sufficiency or deficiency of the vitamin depend upon the levels of 25OHD and various cut-offs are suggested by different groups formulating the guidelines. Although the vitamin is synthesized in the skin with the help of sunlight, it is mostly agreed by various groups that oral supplementation must be done in infants and in certain high risk groups. No such formal guidelines currently exist for Indian children though there is a need to develop one.