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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

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Safety of Contrast Material Use During Pregnancy and Lactation
Paulo Puac1, Andrés Rodríguez1, Carina Vallejo1
1Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, CB# 7510, Room 2034, Old Infirmary Building, 101 Manning Drive, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-7510, USA.
Abstract:
The use of contrast media to image patients who are pregnant has increased during the past decades worldwide. Their use in pregnancy and in patients who are lactating remains a challenging issue for radiologists and other physicians. This article addresses the different types of contrast media that may be used in such patients according to the imaging modality (iodinated contrast media, barium, gadolinium-based, and ultrasound contrast agents), focusing on their adverse effects, potential teratogenic effects, strategies to minimize risks, and current clinical recommendation.
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