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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Using Gold-standard Gait Analysis Methods to Assess Experience Effects on Lower-limb Mechanics During Moderate High-heeled Jogging and Running
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Training Shoes do not Decrease the Negative Work of the Lower Extremity Joints.

Satoru Hashizume1, Akihiko Murai1, Hiroaki Hobara1

  • 1National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Human Informatics Research Institute, Tokyo, Japan.

International Journal of Sports Medicine
|October 2, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Training shoes increase knee joint negative work compared to racing flats, suggesting a higher risk of knee muscle injury. Hip and ankle joints showed no significant differences.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Sports Medicine
  • Running Science

Background:

  • Running shoes significantly influence lower extremity joint mechanics.
  • Understanding these biomechanical differences is crucial for injury prevention in runners.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the negative work and related kinetic/kinematic parameters of lower extremity joints between training shoes and racing flats.
  • To identify potential differences in injury risk associated with different running shoe types.

Main Methods:

  • Participants ran at 3.0 m/s in both training shoes and racing flats.
  • Negative work, kinetic, and kinematic parameters of the hip, knee, and ankle joints were calculated during the stance phase.
  • Data was analyzed to identify significant differences between shoe conditions.

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in negative work were observed for the hip and ankle joints.
  • The knee joint exhibited significantly greater negative work when using training shoes compared to racing flats.
  • This difference was attributed to a prolonged duration of negative knee joint power.

Conclusions:

  • Training shoes may pose a higher risk of muscle injury around the knee joint compared to racing flats.
  • The increased knee joint negative work with training shoes warrants further investigation into specific injury mechanisms.