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Immunodeficiency Diseases01:25

Immunodeficiency Diseases

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Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
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Microsporidia are a group of obligate intracellular fungi that were initially classified as protists but were later reclassified based on phylogenetic, molecular, and structural evidence linking them to the Chytridiomycota. These unicellular, non-motile organisms are highly specialized parasites that infect a wide range of animal hosts, including humans. They have evolved extensive genomic and metabolic reductions, making them highly dependent on their hosts for survival.Morphology and Genomic...
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Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Macrophage Cholesterol Depletion and Its Effect on the Phagocytosis of Cryptococcus neoformans
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Systemic cryptococcosis in an immune-competent child.

Arushi G Saini1, Sooraj Patil1, Triptee Agrawal1

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Postgraduate Institute of Medical Education and Research, Chandigarh 160012, India.

Journal of Infection and Public Health
|October 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

This case report details disseminated cryptococcosis in an immunocompetent child. Early diagnosis and treatment of this rare fungal infection are crucial for patient survival.

Keywords:
CryptococcusDisseminated cryptococcosisLymph nodeSkin infection

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Cryptococcus neoformans is an encapsulated yeast
  • It commonly affects immunocompromised individuals
  • Increasingly identified in immunocompetent hosts

Purpose of the Study:

  • To report a rare case of disseminated cryptococcosis
  • To highlight the presentation in a young, immunocompetent child
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and management

Main Methods:

  • Clinical presentation of a 4-year-old child with fever, abdominal pain, and skin lesions
  • Diagnostic workup including imaging, bone-marrow aspiration, and fine-needle-aspiration-cytology
  • Treatment with liposomal amphotericin-B, flucytosine, and fluconazole

Main Results:

  • Fine-needle-aspiration-cytology confirmed Cryptococcus in cervical lymph nodes
  • Serum latex-agglutination test showed a positive titer (1:256)
  • Disseminated infection involved reticuloendothelial and dermatological systems

Conclusions:

  • Disseminated cryptococcosis is rare in immunocompetent children
  • Timely diagnosis and management are critical for favorable outcomes
  • Infection requires prompt antifungal therapy to prevent severe complications