Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 22, 2026

Measuring 3D In-vivo Shoulder Kinematics using Biplanar Videoradiography
Published on: March 12, 2021
Three-dimensional assessment of the normal Japanese glenoid and comparison with the normal French glenoid
N Mizuno1, S Nonaka2, R Ozaki1
1Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Toyonaka Municipal Hospital, Toyonaka, Japan.
Introduction:
In 2014, reverse total shoulder arthroplasty was approved in Japan. We were concerned that the base plate might be incompatible with Japanese who were generally smaller than Westerners. Therefore, we investigated the dimensions and morphology of the normal Japanese glenoid and compared with the normal French glenoid.
Materials And Methods:
One hundred Japanese shoulders without glenoid lesions (50 men and 50 women) were investigated and compared with 100 French shoulders (50 men and 50 women). Computed tomography was performed with 3-dimensional image reconstruction and images were analyzed using Glenosys software. Glenoid parameters (width, height, retroversion and inclination) were compared between Japanese and French subjects.
Results:
In Japanese subjects, the mean glenoid width was 25.5mm, height was 33.3mm, retroversion was 2.3° and inclination was 11.6° superiorly. In French subjects, the mean glenoid width was 26.7mm, height was 35.4mm, retroversion was 6.0° and inclination was 10.4° superiorly. Glenoid width and height were significantly smaller in Japanese subjects than French subjects (P=0.001 and P<0.001), while retroversion was significantly greater in French subjects (P<0.001). There was no significant difference of inclination.
Conclusions:
These findings will help surgeons to identify suitable patients for RSA and perform the procedure with appropriate preoperative planning.
Level Of Evidence:
IV: retrospective or historical series.
Related Concept Videos
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a...
The Hyoid Bone
Assessment of the Abdomen III: Palpation
Assessment of Airway, Skin Color, and Use of Accessory Muscles
Introduction
The initial evaluation of a patient's respiratory system...

