Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma invading the orbit and globe

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Pathology

Background:

• Natural killer/T-cell lymphoma (NKTL) is a rare extranodal lymphoma with a poor prognosis.
• Epidemiological studies indicate a predilection for Asian and South American populations and a strong association with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV).

Observation:

• A 78-year-old Vietnamese woman presented with unexplained vitritis.
• Disease progression led to the development of proptosis and conjunctival lesions.
• Biopsies from the orbit, ethmoid sinus, and conjunctiva confirmed NKTL.

Findings:

• The patient's presentation mimicked other orbital and ocular inflammatory or neoplastic conditions.
• Histopathological examination was crucial for definitive diagnosis of NKTL.

Implications:

• This case underscores the diagnostic challenges posed by rare malignancies like NKTL.
• Early recognition and accurate diagnosis are critical for appropriate management and improved outcomes in NKTL patients.
• Highlights the importance of considering NKTL in the differential diagnosis of unexplained orbital and ocular symptoms, particularly in endemic populations.