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Insect-Borne Plant Pathogens and Their Vectors: Ecology, Evolution, and Complex Interactions.

Sanford D Eigenbrode1, Nilsa A Bosque-Pérez1, Thomas S Davis2

  • 1Department of Entomology, Plant Pathology and Nematology, University of Idaho, Moscow, Idaho 83844-2329; email: sanforde@uidaho.edu , nbosque@uidaho.edu.

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Plant pathogens manipulate insect vectors to enhance disease spread. Research is needed to understand these complex interactions and develop new management strategies for insect-borne plant diseases.

Keywords:
host manipulationplant virusesplant-pathogenic bacteriaplant-pathogenic fungivector manipulation hypothesisvector-borne pathogens

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Entomology
  • Ecology

Background:

  • Insect-borne plant pathogens rely on vector abundance and behavior for transmission.
  • Pathogens may evolve to manipulate vectors directly or indirectly via host plants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for vector manipulation by plant pathogens.
  • To identify knowledge gaps and propose future research directions.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on plant pathogen-vector interactions.
  • Analysis of theoretical frameworks explaining pathogen-induced changes in vector behavior and performance.

Main Results:

  • Evidence supports vector manipulation, particularly by plant viruses, though effects vary.
  • Manipulation can involve complex syndromes of direct and indirect effects on vector performance and behavior.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding vector manipulation syndromes is crucial for managing plant diseases.
  • Future research should explore dynamic effects, environmental influences, and molecular mechanisms.