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Nervous Tissue: Myelin

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The myelin sheath is a multilayered lipid and protein covering that insulates the axon of a neuron, enhancing the speed of nerve impulse conduction. Axons without this sheath are referred to as unmyelinated. Two types of neuroglia, Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) are responsible for producing myelin sheaths.
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Neurons: The Axon

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Chemical Synapses

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Myasthenia Gravis: Diagnostic Tests

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Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune condition affecting neuromuscular transmission, causing generalized weakness in skeletal muscles. Initial diagnoses rely on patients' signs, symptoms, and medical history. The challenge lies in distinguishing myasthenia from other muscular dystrophies. An important diagnostic feature is the significant improvement of symptoms after administering anticholinesterase inhibitors.
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Action Potentials

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Updated: Feb 21, 2026

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Immune Axonal Polyneuropathy.

Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)

|October 3, 2017

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This review details immune-mediated axonal polyneuropathy, focusing on diagnosis and management. New tools and autoantibody insights aid in identifying autoimmune causes for prompt treatment.

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Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies

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Published on: October 7, 2021

Area of Science:

Neurology
Immunology
Clinical Medicine

Background:

Immune axonal polyneuropathy encompasses various disorders with shared clinical features and treatments.
Focus is on immune-mediated causes, particularly large fiber sensorimotor polyneuropathy.

Purpose of the Study:

To review clinical findings, evaluation, and management of immune-mediated axonal polyneuropathy.
To enhance clinician understanding of autoimmune causes for timely diagnosis and treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of current literature on immune-mediated polyneuropathies.
Discussion of diagnostic screening tools and autoantibody insights.

Main Results:

A new diagnostic screening tool for immune-mediated polyneuropathy demonstrates high sensitivity for outpatient use.
Advances in understanding autoantibodies can identify underlying autoimmune or paraneoplastic etiologies.

Conclusions:

Improved recognition of key clinical features facilitates earlier diagnosis of autoimmune axonal polyneuropathy.
Enhanced understanding aids clinicians in providing timely and effective treatment.