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Related Concept Videos

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways01:28

Major Somatic Sensory Pathways

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Sensory impulses related to touch, pressure, vibration, and proprioception from various body parts, such as the limbs, trunk, neck, and posterior head, travel to the cerebral cortex through the posterior column-medial lemniscus pathway. The pathway’s name derives from the two white-matter tracts that convey the impulses: the spinal cord's posterior column and the brainstem's medial lemniscus. First-order sensory neurons extend their axons into the spinal cord, forming the...
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Overview of Somatic Sensory Pathways01:29

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Somatic sensory or somatosensory pathways refer to the neural pathways that carry information related to touch, pressure, pain, temperature, and proprioception from the skin, muscles, tendons, and joints to the brain. These pathways involve several stages of processing and integration of sensory information.
The somatosensory system is divided into three main pathways: the dorsal (or posterior) column-medial lemniscus, spinothalamic (or anterolateral), and spinocerebellar pathways.
The dorsal...
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Local Anesthetics: Differential Sensitivity of Nerve Fibers01:24

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Local anesthetics (LAs) block the sodium channels of nerve trunks, sensory nerve endings, and neuromuscular junctions. Although LAs can block all kinds of nerves, the sensitivity of nerve fibers differs according to nerve types and structures. LAs are known to block myelinated fibers faster than unmyelinated ones. Also, they block pain or sensory neurons at low concentrations without affecting the motor neurons involved in muscle contractions. This helps relieve labor pain without affecting the...
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Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
Nerves
The nerve is a bundle of axons that serves as the communication highway in the PNS. Each nerve is ensheathed in a protective layer of connective tissue called the epineurium. This outermost layer safeguards the nerve and supports the...
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Introduction to Special Senses01:26

Introduction to Special Senses

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Sensory receptors play an integral part in comprehending our external and internal environments. They receive diverse stimuli, converting them into the nervous system's electrochemical signals. This conversion occurs as the stimulus alters the sensory neuron's cell membrane potential, instigating the generation of an action potential. This action potential is subsequently transmitted to the central nervous system (CNS), which integrates with other sensory data or higher cognitive...
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Nerve Ultrasound Protocol to Detect Dysimmune Neuropathies
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Sensory Polyneuropathies.

Kelly Graham Gwathmey

    Continuum (Minneapolis, Minn.)
    |October 3, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Diagnosing sensory-predominant polyneuropathies is simplified by classifying them into small fiber or large fiber types. While diagnostic tools improve, many neuropathies remain difficult to treat, emphasizing the need for thorough investigation of treatable causes.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neurology
    • Pathology

    Background:

    • Sensory-predominant polyneuropathies present diagnostic challenges.
    • Classification into small fiber (pain-predominant) and large fiber (ataxia-predominant) neuropathies simplifies management.
    • Sensory neuronopathies (dorsal root ganglionopathies) are a key focus.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline diagnostic and management strategies for sensory-predominant polyneuropathies.
    • To highlight advances in the diagnosis of small fiber neuropathies and sensory neuronopathies.

    Main Methods:

    • Skin biopsies as a gold standard for small fiber neuropathy diagnosis.
    • Corneal confocal microscopy as an emerging diagnostic technique.
    • Review of recent associations between small fiber neuropathies and systemic diseases.

    Main Results:

    • Office-based skin biopsies provide accessible pathological diagnosis for small fiber neuropathies.
    • Small fiber neuropathies are increasingly linked to conditions like fibromyalgia and autoimmune diseases.
    • New diagnostic modalities are becoming available.

    Conclusions:

    • Despite diagnostic progress, many sensory neuropathies are treatment-refractory.
    • Early identification and treatment can improve patient outcomes.
    • "Idiopathic" diagnoses should be rare; treatable causes must be thoroughly investigated.