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Related Concept Videos

Synthetic Biology02:55

Synthetic Biology

5.7K
Synthetic biology is an interdisciplinary science that involves using principles from disciplines such as engineering, molecular biology, cell biology, and systems biology. It involves remodeling existing organisms from nature or constructing completely new synthetic organisms for applications such as protein or enzyme production, bioremediation, value-added macromolecule production, and the addition of desirable traits to crops, to name a few.
Golden rice
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Cis-regulatory Sequences02:02

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Cis-regulatory sequences are short fragments of non-coding DNA that are present on the same chromosomes as the genes that they regulate. These fragments serve as binding sites for transcriptional regulators, proteins that are responsible for controlling gene transcription and differential gene expression across cell types in eukaryotes. Cis-regulatory sequences can be close to the gene of interest or thousands of bases away in the DNA sequence; however, those sequences that are further away are...
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Reporter Genes02:11

Reporter Genes

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Reporter genes are a type of protein-coding gene that are often tagged to a gene of interest. Once inside a target cell, reporter genes usually produce visually identifiable characteristics like fluorescence and luminescence when expressed along with the gene of interest. Thus, reporter genes “report” the presence or absence of genes of interest in an organism, determine the gene expression pattern, or track the physical location of a DNA segment or protein in the cell.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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The genomes of eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of sequence which do not code for proteins or RNAs. Although some of these regions do contain crucial regulatory sequences, the vast majority of this DNA serves no known function. Typically, these regions of the genome are the ones in which the fastest change, in evolutionary terms, is observed, because there is typically little to no selection pressure acting on these regions to preserve their sequences.
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Gene Evolution - Fast or Slow?02:05

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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes03:21

Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Using synthetic biology to study gene regulatory evolution.

Justin Crocker1, Garth R Ilsley2

  • 1European Molecular Biology Laboratory, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|October 3, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic biology advances gene regulation studies by enabling researchers to engineer transcriptional enhancers. This approach helps unravel complex gene expression patterns crucial for development and evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Developmental Biology
  • Evolutionary Biology

Background:

  • Transcriptional enhancers control gene expression timing, level, and location.
  • Characterizing enhancer function is complex due to multiple factor binding sites exerting context-dependent control.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review studies utilizing synthetic biology to investigate enhancer function.
  • To highlight the utility of synthetic biology in understanding gene regulation during development and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging synthetic biology tools to create and modify regulatory elements.
  • Applying these tools to study enhancer activity in animal genomes.

Main Results:

  • Synthetic biology offers powerful methods for dissecting enhancer components and their regulatory roles.
  • Demonstrated utility in reverse-engineering and reengineering transcriptional regulation.

Conclusions:

  • Synthetic biology provides unprecedented power to study gene regulation and enhancer function.
  • This approach has significant potential for advancing our understanding of evolutionary processes.