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Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Comprehensive Endovascular and Open Surgical Management of Cerebral Arteriovenous Malformations
Published on: October 20, 2017
Vitor Chehuen Bicalho1, Anke Bergmann, Flávio Domingues
1Department of Surgery, Division of Neurosurgery, Hospital Universitário Clementino Fraga Filho and Program of Post-Graduation in Surgical Sciences of the Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
This study shows that non-operated cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) patients can maintain quality of life and neurological function long-term. Patient-reported outcomes (PRO) using validated tools confirm clinical stability in this CCM population.
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