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Pairwise Growth Competition Assay for Determining the Replication Fitness of Human Immunodeficiency Viruses
Published on: May 4, 2015
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Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Drug Resistance Mutations Update
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine.
The Journal of Infectious Diseases
|October 3, 2017
Summary
Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) are emerging with widely used antiretroviral drugs (ARVs). Understanding these DRMs is crucial for effective HIV treatment strategies and patient response to therapy.
Area of Science:
- Virology
- Infectious Diseases
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Treatment options for HIV are consolidating around fewer antiretroviral drugs (ARVs).
- Emerging data highlight drug resistance mutations (DRMs) selected by commonly used ARVs.
- These DRMs impact ARV susceptibility and treatment outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review and synthesize current data on drug resistance mutations (DRMs) associated with widely used antiretroviral drugs (ARVs).
- To assess the impact of these DRMs on ARV susceptibility and virological response in HIV treatment regimens.
Main Methods:
- Review of recent studies documenting DRMs in patients receiving specific ARVs.
- Analysis of data on the selection of DRMs by tenofovir prodrugs, efavirenz, rilpivirine, ritonavir-boosted lopinavir, raltegravir, elvitegravir, and dolutegravir.
Main Results:
- Specific DRMs have been identified for tenofovir prodrugs, NNRTIs (efavirenz, rilpivirine), boosted protease inhibitors (lopinavir/ritonavir), and integrase inhibitors (raltegravir, elvitegravir).
- Emerging evidence also describes DRMs associated with dolutegravir, though from smaller studies.
Conclusions:
- The emergence of DRMs is a significant concern with current ARV regimens.
- Continued monitoring and research into DRMs are essential for optimizing HIV treatment strategies and managing drug resistance.
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