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Related Concept Videos

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete01:16

Tensile Strength Considerations of Concrete

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Considering the tensile strength of concrete involves recognizing that the theoretical strength of cement paste can be up to a thousand times higher than what is observed in practical applications. This significant discrepancy is largely attributed to the presence of microscopic cracks within the concrete. These cracks tend to amplify stress at their tips when a load is applied, a phenomenon explained by Griffith's theory of brittle fracture.
The dimensions and shape of a concrete specimen...
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Strength of Cement01:20

Strength of Cement

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Strength tests for cement are not performed directly on neat cement paste due to difficulty in obtaining consistent, reliable specimens. Instead, cement is typically tested in the form of cement-sand mortar.
For compressive strength tests, ASTM C 109-05 standards prescribe a cement-sand mix ratio of 1:2.75 and a water/cement ratio of 0.485 for making 2-inch cubes. These cubes are mixed, cast, and cured in saturated lime water at 23°C until testing. Flexural strength testing, outlined in...
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Soundness of Cement01:17

Soundness of Cement

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The soundness of cement refers to the ability of cement paste to retain its volume after setting. Unsound cement can lead to expansion and structural damage due to the presence of free lime, magnesia, and calcium sulfate. Free lime hydrates very slowly, expanding and causing unsoundness, which is difficult to detect because it intercrystallizes with other compounds. Magnesia also reacts with water, forming crystals that can disrupt the cement's structure. Calcium sulfate can create...
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Posttensioned Masonry Walls01:15

Posttensioned Masonry Walls

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Post-tensioned masonry walls use high-strength steel rods or flexible tendons to enhance the strength and efficiency of masonry structures. These elements are securely anchored to the foundation and extend vertically either within the cores of the masonry units or between the masonry wythes. The construction process involves building the wall with these tensioning elements in place and allowing the mortar to fully cure.
Following the curing process, the tensioning begins. Steel rods are...
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Types of Cement I01:21

Types of Cement I

426
Portland cement comes in several types, each with distinct properties and applications based on their chemical composition and hydration characteristics:
Type I (Ordinary Portland Cement) is widely used for general construction where special properties are not required. It has moderate sulfate resistance and heat of hydration.
Type II (Modified Cement) offers moderate resistance to sulfate attack and a lower rate of heat development compared to Type I. It is suitable for structures in...
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Structural Properties and Dimensions of Lumber01:21

Structural Properties and Dimensions of Lumber

425
Wood's structural properties derive from fibers aligned along the tree's length, contributing significantly to its mechanical strength. Wood exhibits up to twenty times greater tensile strength along these fibers compared to across them, and generally shows better performance under compression than tension. The length of fibers varies, with hardwoods having fibers around one twenty-fifth inch long and softwoods ranging from one-eighth to one-third inch.
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Installation Method to Enhance Quality Control for Fiber Reinforced Polymer Spike Anchors
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All about Dowels - A Review Part I. Considerations before Cementation.

Zishan Dangra1, Mahesh Gandhewar2

  • 1Private Practitioner, Mumbai, Maharashtra, India.

Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research : JCDR
|October 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Restoring non-vital teeth with dowel-core requires careful consideration of factors like dowel size and length, which should not reinforce tooth structure. Clinical data is limited, emphasizing the need for more research on dowel systems for endodontically treated teeth.

Keywords:
Dowel designFiber dowelPrefabricated dowelPulpless coronal tooth anatomy

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Endodontics
  • Restorative Dentistry

Background:

  • Restoration of non-vital teeth using the dowel-core technique is a complex and debated topic.
  • Successful outcomes depend on various factors influencing the stability and longevity of the restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and assess factors impacting the successful restoration of root-filled teeth with root canal dowels.
  • To discuss indications and physical parameters of dowel systems used in endodontic treatment.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the PubMed/Medline database.
  • Keywords related to dowels and endodontic restorations were used to identify relevant articles.
  • Selected articles were reviewed for their relevance to dowel systems in reconstructing endodontically treated teeth.

Main Results:

  • The review included 51 articles, predominantly in vitro studies (49), with only two clinical studies.
  • Literature suggests dowels primarily aid in core material retention, not structural reinforcement.
  • Optimal dowel length is limited to 4-6 mm from the apical seal, and dowel width should be minimized.

Conclusions:

  • Clinical data on dowel systems for restoring endodontically treated teeth is currently insufficient.
  • Canal configuration influences the choice between prefabricated and custom cast dowels.
  • Fiber-based dowels show potential for anterior teeth, but require further clinical validation.