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Reconstructing human population history from dental phenotypes.

Hannes Rathmann1, Hugo Reyes-Centeno1,2, Silvia Ghirotto2,3

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Summary

Dental morphology is a reliable proxy for neutral genetic markers, showing significant correlation with genetic data in global human populations. This validates tooth form

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Area of Science:

  • Paleoanthropology
  • Human Genetics
  • Bioarchaeology

Background:

  • Dental phenotypic data are crucial for reconstructing biological relatedness in past human groups.
  • Teeth are well-preserved in the fossil record, offering a valuable data source when DNA is unavailable.
  • Tooth form is considered highly heritable and selectively neutral, making it a proxy for neutral genetic data.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically test the assumption of genetic neutrality of dental morphological features on a global scale.
  • To quantify the correlation between biological affinities derived from dental phenotypes and neutral genetic markers in worldwide modern human populations.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative analysis of dental morphological data and neutral genetic markers.
  • Statistical quantification of the correlation between population relationship measures derived from both data types.

Main Results:

  • A significant correlation (average r = 0.574, p < 0.001) was found between population relationship measures derived from dental morphology and neutral genetic data.
  • This validates tooth form as a proxy for neutral genomic markers.
  • However, dental data alone explains only a portion of the variation in neutral genetic differences among populations.

Conclusions:

  • Dental morphology serves as a valid proxy for neutral genomic markers in reconstructing population affinities.
  • Caution is advised when relying solely on dental data for population affinity reconstructions due to incomplete explanation of genetic variation.