Congenital heart diseases and anaesthesia

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Sandip Waman Junghare1, Vinayak Desurkar2

  • 1Dr. D. Y. Patil Medical College Hospital and Research Centre, Pimpri, Maharashtra, India.

Indian Journal of Anaesthesia
|October 4, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Patients with congenital heart disease (CHD) face increased risks during anesthesia. This review details anesthetic management for CHD patients undergoing cardiac procedures or non-cardiac surgery, emphasizing tailored approaches due to defect complexity.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Anesthesiology
  • Pediatric Medicine

Background:

  • Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) increase perioperative risks for patients.
  • Advances in care have led to more CHD patients surviving into adulthood.
  • Anesthetic management requires careful consideration due to CHD complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To classify congenital heart diseases broadly.
  • To review current perioperative anesthetic management for CHD patients.
  • To address anesthetic strategies for interventional cardiac procedures and non-cardiac surgeries in both corrected and uncorrected CHD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Literature search using Ovid, PubMed, Google Scholar, and Medline.
  • MeSH terms included 'congenital heart disease', 'cardiac catheterisation', 'anaesthetic management', and 'non-cardiac surgery'.
  • Focused on review articles and controlled studies for an updated review.

Main Results:

  • Anesthetic management varies significantly based on CHD type and surgical setting.
  • Interventional cardiac procedures represent a major focus in CHD management.
  • Non-cardiac surgery in both corrected and uncorrected CHD patients requires individualized anesthetic plans.

Conclusions:

  • A single anesthetic technique is insufficient for all CHD patients.
  • Tailored perioperative anesthetic management is crucial for optimizing outcomes in CHD patients.
  • Updated reviews are essential for guiding the complex anesthetic care of CHD patients.

Keywords:
Anaesthetic managementFontan physiologycardiac catheterisationcongenital heart diseaseleft-to-right shuntnon-cardiac surgerypulmonary hypertension

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