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OUTBREAK OF CEREBROSPINAL MENINGITIS IN KEBBI STATE, NIGERIA

G J Gana1, S Badung1, A U Bunza1

  • 1Epidemiogy Unit, Department of Public Health, Ministry of Health, Birnin Kebbi, Kebbi State.

Annals of Ibadan Postgraduate Medicine
|October 4, 2017
PubMed

Insights

Cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) caused a massive outbreak in Kebbi State in 2015, with Neisseria meningitidis type C identified as the primary cause. Enhanced surveillance and mass vaccination are crucial to prevent future epidemics.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Cerebrospinal meningitis (CSM) remains a significant public health concern in sub-Saharan Africa.
  • Epidemics are often caused by Neisseria meningitidis groups A and C in the African meningitis belt.
  • This study focuses on the 2015 CSM outbreak in Kebbi State, Nigeria.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the epidemiological patterns of a cerebrospinal meningitis outbreak in Kebbi State in 2015.
  • To identify the causative agent and affected demographics during the outbreak.

Main Methods:

  • Data on suspected cases and fatalities were collected across affected local government areas.
  • Case definition included sudden onset of fever with meningeal signs.
  • Data analysis was performed using SPSS statistical software.

Main Results:

  • A total of 1,992 suspected CSM cases were reported over 18 weeks, with a 4.0% case fatality rate.
  • The majority of cases (31.0%) were individuals over 15 years old.
  • Neisseria meningitidis type C was identified in 77.3% of analyzed samples, with Aliero LGA heavily impacted.

Conclusions:

  • Kebbi State experienced a substantial cerebrospinal meningitis outbreak in 2015, predominantly caused by Neisseria meningitidis type C.
  • Implementing effective surveillance systems is vital for early detection.
  • Mass vaccination campaigns utilizing polyvalent vaccines, including serogroup C, are recommended to prevent future outbreaks.
Abstract

Keywords:
MenAfriVacMeningitis beltNeisseria meningitidis type CSub-Saharan Africa

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