Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

28.2K
RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
28.2K
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

701
Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...
701
Nucleic Acid Structure01:25

Nucleic Acid Structure

9.6K
The pentose sugar in DNA is deoxyribose, while in RNA the pentose sugar is ribose. The difference between the sugars is the presence of the hydroxyl group on the ribose's second carbon and a hydrogen on the deoxyribose's second carbon. The phosphate residue attaches to the hydroxyl group of the 5′ carbon of one sugar and the hydroxyl group of the 3′ carbon of the sugar of the next nucleotide, which forms  a 5′ to 3′ phosphodiester linkage.
DNA Structure
DNA...
9.6K
Types of RNA01:23

Types of RNA

73.3K
Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...
73.3K
Types of RNA01:20

Types of RNA

10.0K
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...
10.0K
RNA-seq03:21

RNA-seq

12.2K
RNA sequencing, or RNA-Seq, is a high-throughput sequencing technology used to study the transcriptome of a cell. Transcriptomics helps to interpret the functional elements of a genome and identify the molecular constituents of an organism. Additionally, it also helps in understanding the development of an organism and the occurrence of diseases. 
Before the discovery of RNA-seq, microarray-based methods and Sanger sequencing were used for transcriptome analysis. However, while...
12.2K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Dissecting hydrogen bond energetics to answer the age-old question: "How much do hydrogen bonds contribute to enzymatic catalysis?"

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America·2026
Same author

High-throughput biochemical phenotyping of SHP2 variants reveals the molecular basis of diseases and allosteric drug inhibition.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Thermodynamic prediction of RNA cellular activity from sequence via conformational ensembles.

Cell·2026
Same author

Understanding how enzymes work: the journey to ensemble-function studies.

The FEBS journal·2026
Same author

Proteolytic activation of diverse antiviral defense modules in prokaryotes.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2025
Same author

SEISMICgraph: a web-based tool for RNA structure data visualization.

Nucleic acids research·2025
Same journal

Optimized tRNA structure-seq reveals robust tRNA secondary structures in <i>S. cerevisiae</i> under mild stress conditions.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

SERIPH: A Two-Step Extraction Protocol for Selective Enrichment of Semi-Extractable RNAs.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Reduced Sensitivity to RNA Structural Differences Distinguishes Eukaryotic Pus4 from Bacterial TruB.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

Puf3 contributes to changes in mRNA solubility, translation elongation dynamics at rare arginine codons and loss of protein homeostasis in cells lacking Not4.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

RBM38 Regulates HORMAD1 Splicing to Enhances MEK Inhibitor Sensitivity in Breast Cancer.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
Same journal

EF-P Inhibits Ribosomal α-Hydroxy Acid Incorporation: Strategic tRNA Body Selection for Co-incorporating α-Hydroxy Acids and Nonproteinogenic Amino Acids into Depsipeptides.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

10.0K

Slow molecular recognition by RNA.

Kristin R Gleitsman1, Raghuvir N Sengupta1, Daniel Herschlag1,2,3

  • 1Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.

RNA (New York, N.Y.)
|October 4, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

RNA-ligand interactions are slower than protein-ligand interactions, falling below the diffusion limit. This slower molecular recognition impacts biological processes and evolution, necessitating further physical understanding.

Keywords:
RNA structurebinding kineticsmolecular recognition

More Related Videos

Real-time Imaging of Single Engineered RNA Transcripts in Living Cells Using Ratiometric Bimolecular Beacons
12:20

Real-time Imaging of Single Engineered RNA Transcripts in Living Cells Using Ratiometric Bimolecular Beacons

Published on: August 6, 2014

12.2K
Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA
07:24

Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA

Published on: July 9, 2021

2.7K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
09:04

Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

10.0K
Real-time Imaging of Single Engineered RNA Transcripts in Living Cells Using Ratiometric Bimolecular Beacons
12:20

Real-time Imaging of Single Engineered RNA Transcripts in Living Cells Using Ratiometric Bimolecular Beacons

Published on: August 6, 2014

12.2K
Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA
07:24

Identification of RNAs Engaged in Direct RNA-RNA Interaction with a Long Non-Coding RNA

Published on: July 9, 2021

2.7K

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Structural Biology

Background:

  • Molecular recognition governs biological functions and specificity.
  • Proteins bind ligands rapidly, reaching the theoretical diffusion limit.
  • RNA-ligand association kinetics are less understood compared to protein-ligand interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compile and analyze association rate constants for RNA/ligand complexes.
  • To compare the kinetics of RNA-ligand binding with protein-ligand binding.
  • To explore the implications of observed RNA association rates on biological processes and evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and data compilation of RNA/ligand association rate constants.
  • Comparative analysis of compiled RNA association rates against known protein association rates.
  • Assessment of RNA association rates relative to the theoretical diffusion-limited rate.

Main Results:

  • RNA/ligand complexes exhibit a broad spectrum of association rate constants.
  • The fastest observed RNA association rates are significantly slower than those of proteins.
  • RNA association rates fall considerably below the theoretical limit set by diffusional collision.

Conclusions:

  • The slower kinetics of RNA association represent a general molecular property with significant biological implications.
  • Understanding these slower rates is crucial for comprehending molecular evolution and modern biological mechanisms.
  • Further research is needed to deepen the physical understanding of RNA molecular recognition events.