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Related Concept Videos

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure01:17

Pathophysiology of Heart Failure

4.1K
Heart failure (HF) is a progressive syndrome involving ventricles that leads to inadequate cardiac output. It can be classified based on location and output or ejection fraction. Ejection fraction (EF) is an essential measurement in the diagnosis and surveillance of HF. Reduced EF corresponds to systolic heart failure (HFrEF). However, HF with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming increasingly prevalent. Also known as diastolic HF, this form of HF is related to aging. The...
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Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation01:30

Heart Failure IV: Classification and Diagnostic Evaluation

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Heart failure can be classified in various ways, with the most common classifications based on physical activity limitations, disease progression, severity, and treatment strategies.The Functional Classification of Heart Failure divides patients into four categories based on physical activity limitation due to symptom burden.Class I: Patients in this class have cardiac disease but no physical activity limitations. Ordinary activities like walking, climbing stairs, or routine tasks do not cause...
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Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology01:29

Heart Failure II: Pathophysiology

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Systolic Heart Failure and Compensatory MechanismsSystolic heart failure (also termed HFrEF, Heart Failure with Reduced Ejection Fraction) is the most prevalent type of heart filure. It results in a decreased volume of blood being pumped from the ventricle. The aortic arch and carotid sinuses have baroreceptors that detect reduced blood pressure, triggering the sympathetic nervous system (SNS) to release epinephrine and norepinephrine. Initially, this response aims to boost heart rate and...
1.1K
Heart Failure I: Introduction01:27

Heart Failure I: Introduction

1.0K
Heart failure refers to a clinical syndrome caused by structural or functional cardiac disorders that prevent the heart from pumping an adequate amount of blood to meet the body's metabolic needs. This condition often arises from myocardial infarction or ischemia, leading to decreased cardiac output, reduced tissue perfusion, impaired gas exchange, fluid volume imbalance, and decreased functional ability.Heart failure can result from disruptions in the mechanisms that regulate cardiac output...
1.0K
Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations01:26

Heart Failure III: Clinical Manifestations

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Heart failure (HF) manifests primarily as dyspnea, fatigue, and fluid retention, resulting in peripheral and pulmonary edema. Symptoms may vary depending on which ventricle is more affected, left or right.Left-Sided Heart FailureAlso known as left ventricular failure, this condition results from the left ventricle's inability to fill or eject sufficient blood into the systemic circulation. It leads to pulmonary congestion, which occurs when the left ventricle fails to eject blood effectively...
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Heart Failure V: Medical Management01:30

Heart Failure V: Medical Management

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Medical Management of Acute Decompensated Heart Failure (ADHF)The primary goals of therapy for patients hospitalized with acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) include:Relieving symptomsOptimizing volume statusSupporting oxygenation and ventilationMaintaining cardiac output (CO) and end-organ perfusionIdentifying and addressing the cause of ADHFPreventing complicationsProviding patient education on factors precipitating HF exacerbationPlanning for dischargeOngoing monitoring and assessment...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction
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Lumped-Parameter and Finite Element Modeling of Heart Failure with Preserved Ejection Fraction

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Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction.

Åsmund Treu Røe, Ivar Sjaastad, William Edward Louch

    Tidsskrift for Den Norske Laegeforening : Tidsskrift for Praktisk Medicin, Ny Raekke
    |October 4, 2017
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) lacks targeted therapies. Recent research reveals HFpEF is a syndrome involving cardiac and systemic factors, suggesting new treatment avenues.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cardiology
    • Pathophysiology
    • Internal Medicine

    Background:

    • Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) affects half of all heart failure patients.
    • No established therapies currently exist for HFpEF.
    • Understanding HFpEF pathophysiology is crucial for developing effective treatments.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To present an updated review of causal mechanisms underlying HFpEF.
    • To consolidate current knowledge on HFpEF pathophysiology.

    Main Methods:

    • Literature search conducted in PubMed using specific keywords related to HFpEF and its mechanisms.
    • Selection of relevant articles focusing on causal mechanisms for full-text review.

    Main Results:

    • A paradigm shift in understanding HFpEF pathophysiology has occurred.
    • Beyond left ventricular hypertrophy and diastolic dysfunction, other factors include systolic dysfunction, arrhythmias, vascular stiffness, autonomic dysfunction, and peripheral vasculopathy.
    • Comorbidities contribute by inducing systemic inflammation and multi-organ dysfunction.

    Conclusions:

    • HFpEF presents as a syndrome rather than an isolated cardiac disorder.
    • Focusing on comorbidities may unlock novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for HFpEF.