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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Immunology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Age-related cataract (ARC) is a leading cause of vision impairment globally.
  • The pathogenesis of ARC involves complex multifactorial processes.
  • The role of the complement system, particularly complement component 3 (C3), in ARC remains to be fully elucidated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the correlation between serum C3 concentrations and the presence of age-related cataract.
  • To explore the association of C3 levels with different subtypes of ARC.

Main Methods:

  • Serum C3 levels were measured using immunoturbidimetry in 492 ARC patients and 466 control subjects.
  • Clinical data including intraocular pressure, visual acuity, and axial length were collected.
  • Statistical analyses, including t-tests and logistic regression, were employed to assess C3 levels and their association with ARC.

Main Results:

  • Mean serum C3 levels were significantly lower in the ARC group (100.97 ± 18.22 mg/dL) compared to the control group (123.27 ± 22.51 mg/dL).
  • Lower C3 levels were observed across different age and sex subgroups within the ARC cohort.
  • The lowest C3 levels were found in the nuclear ARC subgroup, followed by cortical and posterior subcapsular subtypes.

Conclusions:

  • Serum C3 levels are significantly lower in patients with age-related cataract.
  • C3 concentration is correlated with the onset and development of ARC.
  • These findings highlight the potential involvement of C3 in the pathomechanisms underlying age-related cataract.