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Assortative mating and persistent reproductive isolation in hybrids.

Molly Schumer1,2,3, Daniel L Powell3,4,5, Pablo J Delclós3,4,5

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Assortative mating in swordtail fish can create genetic clusters and limit gene flow, but its strength is unpredictable and varies with environmental conditions, impacting speciation.

Keywords:
assortative matinghybridizationpopulation structurereproductive isolation

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Genetics
  • Speciation research

Background:

  • Speciation requires mechanisms limiting gene flow between populations.
  • Assortative mating is theoretically important for speciation but empirically fragile.
  • Swordtail fish exhibit hybridization and weak prezygotic isolation, with past hybridization linked to pollution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate genetic patterns and assortative mating in a hybrid swordtail fish population over a decade.
  • To understand the role of assortative mating in maintaining reproductive isolation in hybrid populations.
  • To assess the plasticity and environmental influence on assortative mating.

Main Methods:

  • Whole-genome sequencing of a hybrid swordtail fish population over ten years.
  • Analysis of genetic clustering and ancestry-assortative mating patterns.
  • Experimental manipulation to test the plasticity of assortative mating.

Main Results:

  • Hybrids formed distinct genetic clusters by 2003, maintaining isolation for 25 generations via strong ancestry-assortative mating.
  • Assortative mating strength was plastic, varying over time and diminishing under manipulated conditions.
  • A nearby population showed no evidence of assortative mating.

Conclusions:

  • Assortative mating can act as an intermittent and unpredictable barrier to gene flow in hybrid populations.
  • Variations in assortative mating strength significantly influence the evolution of hybrid populations.
  • Understanding dynamic reproductive isolation is crucial for speciation and hybridization research, especially concerning environmental disturbances.