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Related Concept Videos

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization01:25

Crystal Growth: Principles of Crystallization

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Crystallization is a phase transformation process in which crystals are precipitated from a supersaturated solution or formed from other sources. During crystallization, atoms or molecules arrange themselves into a well-defined, rigid crystal lattice to minimize energy.
Initiating crystallization involves manipulating the concentration of the solute and the temperature of the solution. Since crystal growth occurs when the ratio of concentration and solubility of the solute in the solvent...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Preparation and Delivery of Protein Microcrystals in Lipidic Cubic Phase for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography
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Preparation and Delivery of Protein Microcrystals in Lipidic Cubic Phase for Serial Femtosecond Crystallography

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Super-swelled lyotropic single crystals.

Hojun Kim1, Ziyuan Song1, Cecilia Leal2,3

  • 1Materials Science and Engineering Department, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|October 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers discovered new lipid self-assembly methods to create super-swelled bicontinuous cubic single crystals. These advanced lipid materials exhibit significantly enhanced swelling capacity for potential drug delivery and protein crystallization applications.

Keywords:
bicontinuous cubiclipid membraneslyotropic liquid crystalsmolecular single crystalssoft materials self-assembly

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Crystallization of Membrane Proteins in Lipidic Mesophases
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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular chemistry
  • Materials science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Lipids form diverse supramolecular structures, including intriguing lyotropic mesophases like 3D bicontinuous cubic lipid phases.
  • Traditional cubic lipid phases have limited swelling capacity (approx. 15 nm lattice dimensions), hindering applications in drug delivery and protein crystallization.
  • Enhancing swelling typically involves altering membrane composition to include charged components for electrostatic-driven swelling.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To discover novel self-assembly strategies for creating lipid bicontinuous single crystals with significantly enhanced swelling capacity.
  • To overcome the limitations of traditional cubic lipid phases in terms of lattice dimensions and swelling.
  • To investigate the factors controlling the formation and stabilization of super-swelled lipid bicontinuous cubic single crystals.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) to analyze the structural properties of lipid phases.
  • Employed cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM) for high-resolution imaging of lipid self-assembly.
  • Manipulated self-assembly external conditions, including organic solvent drying speed, membrane charge density, and polyethylene glycol-conjugated lipid concentration.

Main Results:

  • Developed self-assembly strategies yielding 3D bicontinuous cubic lipid phases with unprecedented swelling capacity, reaching lattice dimensions up to 68 nm.
  • Demonstrated the formation of large, super-swelled monocrystals, contrary to typical soft lyotropic material behavior.
  • Identified three critical factors for stabilizing these super-swelled structures: organic solvent drying speed, membrane charge density, and the amount of polyethylene glycol-conjugated lipids.

Conclusions:

  • Novel self-assembly strategies enable the creation of lipid bicontinuous cubic single crystals with significantly enhanced swelling.
  • These super-swelled lipid materials offer promising potential for advanced applications, including the delivery of large therapeutic molecules and protein crystallization.
  • Controlling external self-assembly conditions, alongside membrane composition, is key to achieving large-scale, stable, super-swelled lipid structures.