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Related Concept Videos

Plasticizers01:31

Plasticizers

396
Water-reducers, or plasticizers, are chemical admixtures used in concrete to improve strength and workability. These additives reduce the water-cement ratio without compromising workability, lower the cement content while maintaining the same workability, or increase workability to assist concrete placement in inaccessible areas.
Plasticizers function by using surface-active agents to create repulsive electrostatic forces between cement particles. This dispersion enhances the concrete's...
396
Superplasticizers01:30

Superplasticizers

386
Superplasticizers are advanced admixtures that enhance the workability of concrete by lowering the water content without compromising the strength of the material. These substances are highly effective water reducers, improving concrete flow, making it easier to work with, and enabling concrete to reach inaccessible areas or densely reinforced sections without mechanical vibration. The key components in superplasticizers are either sulfonated melamine or naphthalene formaldehyde condensates,...
386

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Scalable Step-by-Step Approach of Sustainable Bioplastic Production from Food Waste
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Cross-Linked Amylose Bio-Plastic: A Transgenic-Based Compostable Plastic Alternative.

Domenico Sagnelli1, Kourosh Hooshmand2, Gerdi Christine Kemmer3

  • 1Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark. domenico.sagnelli@gmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|October 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

Engineered amylose-only starch can create a fully natural bioplastic with properties similar to commercial plastics. This biodegradable material offers a sustainable alternative, maintaining natural composting characteristics.

Keywords:
amyloseamylose permeabilitybioplasticcitric acidcross-link assaycross-linkerstarch

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Polymer Science
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Bio-plastics and bio-materials offer sustainable solutions to environmental pollution.
  • Polysaccharide-based bio-plastics are biodegradable alternatives to conventional plastics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility of producing an all-natural bioplastic from amylose-only (AO) starch.
  • To assess the properties of cross-linked AO starch bioplastic compared to conventional and commercial bio-plastics.

Main Methods:

  • Engineered amylose-only (AO) barley starch and normal barley starch were used as raw materials.
  • Glycerol was used as a plasticizer, and citrate was used for cross-linking.
  • Extrusion processing and characterization techniques including X-ray diffraction and gas permeability tests were employed.

Main Results:

  • Extrusion altered starch crystal structures (A-type to Vh- and B-type).
  • Cross-linked AO starch specimens showed complex formation with phospholipids.
  • Starch-based prototypes exhibited gas permeability comparable to commercial Mater-Bi® plastic.
  • Composting characteristics of cross-linked AO prototypes were similar to the control starch.

Conclusions:

  • All-natural bioplastics can be successfully produced using designer starch like AO starch.
  • The developed bioplastic demonstrates promising mechanical and barrier properties.
  • Modified AO starch retains natural biodegradability, making it an environmentally friendly material.