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Related Concept Videos

Pneumothorax-II01:27

Pneumothorax-II

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Pneumothorax is a medical condition defined by the buildup of air in the pleural space between the lungs and the chest wall. This accumulation of air can lead to partial or complete lung collapse, resulting in a range of clinical manifestations. Understanding the clinical presentation and effective management strategies is crucial for healthcare professionals in providing timely and appropriate care to individuals with pneumothorax.
Clinical Manifestations:
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Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:29

Pulmonary Embolism II: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care

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Diagnosing Pulmonary EmbolismDiagnosing pulmonary embolism (PE) involves clinical assessment and advanced imaging tests. The preferred diagnostic tool is the spiral (helical) CT scan or CT angiography (CTA), which uses intravenous contrast media to visualize the pulmonary vasculature and identify emboli.A ventilation-perfusion (V/Q) scan is an alternative for patients unable to receive contrast media. This scan includes both perfusion and ventilation scanning. Perfusion scanning involves...
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Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan01:30

Radiological Investigation II: MRI and Ventilation Perfusion Scan

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Description
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and Ventilation Perfusion Scans are two radiological investigations that offer detailed diagnostic images of the body, particularly lung structures.
MRI
MRI uses magnetic fields and radiofrequency signals to distinguish between normal and abnormal tissues. This technology provides a more detailed diagnostic image than CT scans, enabling it to characterize pulmonary nodules, stage bronchogenic carcinoma, and evaluate inflammatory activity in...
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Pneumothorax-I01:26

Pneumothorax-I

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A pneumothorax is a condition where air builds up in the space between the lung and the chest wall, causing the lung to collapse. This condition arises when air enters the space between the parietal and visceral pleura, disrupting the negative pressure essential for lung inflation. This can lead to a partial or complete collapse of the lung.
Pneumothorax can be even further classified as spontaneous, traumatic, and tension pneumothorax.
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
Pulmonary Angiogram
A Pulmonary Angiogram is an invasive procedure involving injecting a contrast medium through a catheter threaded into the pulmonary artery or the right side of the heart to visualize the pulmonary vasculature. Computed Tomography (CT) scans have mainly replaced this...
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Pleural Effusion I: Introduction01:25

Pleural Effusion I: Introduction

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Pleural effusion is an abnormal fluid accumulation in the pleural cavity, a narrow space between the lungs and the chest wall. It is not a disease per se but rather a symptom or indication of an underlying disease. In normal circumstances, this space contains a small amount of fluid (5 to 15 mL), a lubricant facilitating the non-frictional movement of the pleural surfaces.
There are two main types of pleural effusion: transudative and exudative. They are differentiated using Light's...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Multi-modal Pulmonary Imaging: Using Complementary Information from CT and Hyperpolarized 129Xe MRI to Evaluate Lung Structure-Function
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Image: Extensive Pneumocephalus.

Hua Liu1, Wenming Wang1

  • 1First People's Hospital of Kunshan, Jiangsu Province, China.

World Neurosurgery
|October 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A traumatic brain injury caused extensive pneumocephalus, or air in the brain. Conservative treatment, including bed rest and oxygen therapy, led to rapid resolution of the air within 4 days.

Keywords:
Pneumocephalus

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Traumatology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • A 53-year-old male sustained a right frontal skull fracture after a motorcycle-bicycle accident.
  • Initial assessment revealed a Glasgow Coma Scale score of 15 and normal neurological examination, except for reduced vision in the right eye.

Observation:

  • Head computed tomography (CT) demonstrated extensive pneumocephalus affecting multiple intracranial cisterns and cerebral lobes.
  • No cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak was observed upon initial examination.

Findings:

  • Conservative management, including head elevation and oxygen therapy, was initiated.
  • Follow-up CT scans showed significant absorption of pneumocephalus within 9 hours and near-complete resolution by 4 days.
  • The patient experienced a good recovery and was discharged after 7 days.

Implications:

  • Conservative treatment is effective for managing extensive pneumocephalus secondary to head trauma.
  • Prompt conservative management can lead to rapid resolution of intracranial air and favorable patient outcomes.
  • Persistent visual deficits may occur despite resolution of pneumocephalus.