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Related Concept Videos

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion01:43

SNAREs and Membrane Fusion

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Once a transport vesicle has recognized its target organelle, the vesicular membrane needs to fuse with the target membrane to unload the cargo. Transmembrane proteins called SNAREs present on organelle membranes and their vesicles, mediate vesicle fusion.
SNAREs exist in pairs that symmetrically interact and catalyze the fusion of the lipid bilayers in vesicle and target organelle. v-SNARE in the vesicle membrane are single polypeptide chains that bind to a complementary t-SNARE, composed of 2...
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Fusion of Secretory Vesicles with the Plasma Membrane01:26

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Proteins and neurotransmitters in secretory vesicles can be released from a cell upon vesicle docking, priming, and fusion with the plasma membrane. Vesicles are docked and primed in preparation for the quick exocytosis of their contents in response to a stimulus. The fusion process is mainly carried out by a SNAP Receptor or SNARE complex, consisting of synaptobrevin, syntaxin-1, and SNAP-25.
In 1993, Jim Rothman proposed that the antiparallel pairing of vesicular and transmembrane SNAREs, or...
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Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer01:35

Asymmetric Lipid Bilayer

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Biological membranes show uneven distribution of different types of lipids in the inner and outer layers, resulting in transverse asymmetric membranes. The treatment of the erythrocyte membrane with the enzyme phospholipase confirmed the asymmetric nature of the lipid bilayer. The enzyme hydrolyzes lipids into fatty acids and hydrophilic groups. The phospholipase acts only on the outer layer of the membrane, while the inner layer remains intact. The phospholipase treatment resulted in 80%...
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Pinching-off of Coated Vesicles01:32

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Vesicle budding is orchestrated by distinct cytosolic proteins such as adaptor proteins, coat proteins, and GTPases. To initiate vesicle budding, membrane-bending proteins containing crescent-shaped BAR domains bind to the lipid heads in the bilayer and distort the membrane to form a protein-coated vesicle bud. Adaptors proteins such as AP2 for clathrin-coated vesicles can nucleate on the deformed membrane. Finally, coat proteins such as clathrin or COPI and COPII assemble into a coat forming...
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Membrane Fluidity01:26

Membrane Fluidity

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Membrane fluidity is explained by the fluid mosaic model of the cell membrane, which describes the plasma membrane structure as a mosaic of components—including phospholipids, cholesterol, proteins, and carbohydrates—that gives the membrane a fluid character.
Mosaic nature of the membrane
The mosaic characteristic of the membrane helps the plasma membrane remain fluid. The integral proteins and lipids exist as separate but loosely-attached molecules in the membrane. The membrane is...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Phase Behavior of Charged Vesicles Under Symmetric and Asymmetric Solution Conditions Monitored with Fluorescence Microscopy
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Spontaneous charged lipid transfer between lipid vesicles.

Joanna L Richens1, Arwen I I Tyler2,3, Hanna M G Barriga4,3

  • 1School of Life Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.

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|October 5, 2017
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Summary

This study introduces a new assay for measuring spontaneous charged lipid transfer between vesicles. The method utilizes fluorescently labeled acceptor vesicles to detect lipid transfer, revealing that transfer rates decrease with increasing lipid chain length.

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Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
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SNARE-mediated Fusion of Single Proteoliposomes with Tethered Supported Bilayers in a Microfluidic Flow Cell Monitored by Polarized TIRF Microscopy
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Assembly of Cell Mimicking Supported and Suspended Lipid Bilayer Models for the Study of Molecular Interactions
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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Physical Chemistry
  • Membrane Biophysics

Background:

  • Lipid transfer between vesicles is crucial for membrane dynamics.
  • Existing methods for studying lipid transfer are often limited in scope or complexity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel assay for quantifying spontaneous charged lipid transfer between vesicles.
  • To investigate the influence of lipid properties, such as headgroup and chain length, on transfer rates.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a donor/acceptor vesicle system with fluorescently labeled acceptor vesicles (Fluoresceinphosphatidylethanolamine - FPE).
  • Monitored changes in acceptor vesicle membrane potential to quantify negatively charged lipid transfer.
  • Studied transfer kinetics of various lipids with differing headgroups and chain lengths at low vesicle concentrations.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated a first-order transfer process, suggesting monomeric lipid transfer via the aqueous phase.
  • Observed a decrease in lipid transfer rate with increasing lipid chain length.
  • Validated the assay's ability to study unmodified lipids and continuous monitoring.

Conclusions:

  • The developed assay provides a simplified and versatile method for studying charged lipid transfer.
  • Findings support existing energy models of lipid monomer-vesicle interactions.
  • The assay enables detailed investigation into lipid transfer mechanisms and dynamics.