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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes
06:44

Isolation of Brain-infiltrating Leukocytes

Published on: June 13, 2011

19.8K

Neuroleukemiosis: Two Case Reports.

Vlad Voin1, Shehzad Khalid2, Sebastian Shrager3

  • 1Research Fellow, Seattle Science Foundation.

Cureus
|October 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary

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Extramedullary tumors, known as neuroleukemiosis, can cause neurological symptoms in acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients even during remission. These tumors in the peripheral nervous system may present without detectable leukemia in bone marrow biopsies.

Area of Science:

  • Hematology
  • Neurology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Extramedullary tumors can arise from myeloblasts or monoblasts, affecting various body locations.
  • Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients in remission may experience neurological symptoms suggestive of relapse.
  • Neuroleukemiosis is a specific type of extramedullary tumor affecting the peripheral nervous system (PNS).

Observation:

  • Two AML patients in remission developed neurological symptoms.
  • Diagnostic evaluations, including bone marrow biopsies, showed no evidence of leukemia relapse.
  • The neurological symptoms were attributed to neuroleukemiosis.

Findings:

  • Neuroleukemiosis can manifest as neurological deficits in AML patients during remission.
  • Peripheral nervous system involvement by leukemia can occur despite negative bone marrow findings.
Keywords:
acute myeloid leukemiabrachial plexusneuroleukemiosisneuropathyperipheral nerve

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  • This presentation highlights the potential for extramedullary disease to mimic other neurological conditions.

    • Implications:

    • Clinicians should consider neuroleukemiosis in AML survivors presenting with unexplained neurological symptoms.
    • Negative bone marrow biopsies do not exclude extramedullary relapse in AML.
    • Early recognition and diagnosis of neuroleukemiosis are crucial for appropriate management and patient outcomes.