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Muscle fiber diameter assessment in cleft lip using image processing.

M F J Khan1, J Little2, L Abelli3

  • 1Department of Biomedical and Specialty Surgical Sciences, Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy.

Oral Diseases
|October 5, 2017
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Image analysis of cleft lip (CL) tissues revealed no significant difference in muscle fiber diameter between medial and lateral cleft sides. However, males showed smaller medial muscle fibers, suggesting potential sex-based anatomical differences in the orbicularis oris muscle.

Keywords:
FFPE tissue samplescleft lipcleft lip and palateimage processingmuscle fiber diameter

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Area of Science:

  • Plastic Surgery
  • Anatomy
  • Pediatric Surgery

Background:

  • Cleft lip (CL) and cleft palate (CP) are common congenital conditions affecting facial development.
  • Understanding the underlying muscle anatomy in CL/P is crucial for surgical repair and functional restoration.
  • Previous studies have not fully elucidated potential sex-based differences in muscle fiber characteristics within the cleft.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To pilot the investigation of muscle fiber diameter (MFD) on the medial and lateral sides of the cleft in infants with CL/P.
  • To utilize image processing for quantitative analysis of MFD in CL/P tissues.
  • To explore potential differences in MFD related to cleft side, CL/P classification, and sex.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples from 18 infants with CL/P.
  • Quantitative measurement of MFD using the ImageJ image-processing program.
  • Statistical analysis including paired and unpaired Student's t tests for comparisons.

Main Results:

  • Image processing allowed for rapid MFD quantification, with most fibers measuring 6-11 μm.
  • No significant difference in mean MFD was observed between medial and lateral cleft sides.
  • No significant difference in mean MFD was found between cleft lip (CL) and cleft lip with palate (CLP) groups.
  • A significant difference in MFD was detected on the medial side between males and females (p=0.032).

Conclusions:

  • Image processing of FFPE tissues provides an accessible method for MFD quantification in CL/P.
  • A smaller MFD on the medial side in males suggests potential sex-based differences in the orbicularis oris muscle in CL.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is warranted to validate these findings and explore their implications for subclinical phenotyping and surgical outcomes.