[Approach to syncope in the elderly].

Area of Science:

• Geriatrics
• Cardiology
• Emergency Medicine

Background:

• Syncope is a frequent reason for emergency department visits in the elderly.
• Diagnostic and therapeutic decisions for elderly syncope are challenging.
• Distinguishing syncope from non-syncopal causes is complicated by co-morbidities and poly-pharmacy.

Purpose of the Study:

• To describe the causes of syncope in the elderly.
• To outline the differential diagnosis for elderly syncope.
• To provide practical tips for the diagnostic process in elderly patients presenting with syncope.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of causes and diagnostic approaches for elderly syncope.
• Discussion of differential diagnoses considering common elderly conditions.
• Emphasis on clinical evaluation and diagnostic work-up strategies.

Main Results:

• Elderly syncope has diverse etiologies, including cardiac, neurologic, and vasovagal causes.
• Differential diagnosis must account for age-related physiological changes and common co-morbidities.
• A systematic diagnostic approach is crucial for accurate identification of syncope causes.

Conclusions:

• Accurate diagnosis of syncope in the elderly requires careful consideration of multiple factors.
• Distinguishing true syncope from other causes is essential for appropriate management.
• This review offers guidance for clinicians managing syncope in older adults.