Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

4.5K
The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are...
4.5K
Signal Transduction: Overview01:26

Signal Transduction: Overview

12.0K
Cells respond to many types of information, often through receptor proteins positioned on the membrane. They respond to chemical signals, such as hormones, neurotransmitters, and other signaling molecules, initiating a series of molecular reactions to produce an appropriate response. This is called signal transduction. Cells also coordinate different responses elicited by the same signaling molecule via mediators, allowing molecular cross-talk.
Typically, signal transduction involves three...
12.0K
Liver Physiology01:30

Liver Physiology

3.9K
The liver, an essential organ in the human body, performs over 200 vital functions that can be broadly categorized into metabolic, hematological, endocrine regulation, and bile production.
Metabolic Regulation:
The liver is the central organ involved in regulating blood composition. It stabilizes blood glucose levels, maintaining them within the range of  70–110 mg/dL. When these levels drop, the liver breaks down glycogen reserves and releases glucose into the bloodstream. It can...
3.9K
Cell Specific Gene Expression01:58

Cell Specific Gene Expression

16.7K
Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
16.7K
Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

2.2K
After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
2.2K
Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers01:15

Amplifying Signals via Second Messengers

8.9K
Many receptor binding ligands are hydrophilic; they do not cross the cell membrane but bind to cell-surface receptors. Thus, their message must be relayed by second messengers present in the cell cytoplasm. There are several second messenger pathways, each with its own way of relaying information. For example, the G protein-coupled receptors can activate both phosphoinositol and cyclic AMP (cAMP) second messenger pathways. The phosphoinositol pathway is active when the receptor induces...
8.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Magnetic resonance elastography identifies fibrosis in adults with alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency liver disease: a prospective study.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2016
Same author

Novel association between serum pentraxin-2 levels and advanced fibrosis in well-characterised patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2015
Same author

Evidence for a common progenitor of epithelial and mesenchymal components of the liver.

Cell death and differentiation·2013
Same author

Association between novel MRI-estimated pancreatic fat and liver histology-determined steatosis and fibrosis in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2013
Same author

Correlation between liver histology and novel magnetic resonance imaging in adult patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease - MRI accurately quantifies hepatic steatosis in NAFLD.

Alimentary pharmacology & therapeutics·2012
Same author

Celecoxib induces hepatic stellate cell apoptosis through inhibition of Akt activation and suppresses hepatic fibrosis in rats.

Gut·2009
Same journal

Patient-Level Predictors of Procedural Success in Colon Capsule Endoscopy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology·2026
Same journal

Preventive Effect of Helicobacter pylori Treatment on Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Mortality.

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology·2026
Same journal

Toward the Era of Precision Immunotherapy: The Clinical Landscape and Future Directions of mRNA Vaccines for the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology·2026
Same journal

From Chronic Atrophic Gastritis to Low-Grade Intraepithelial Neoplasia: A Proteomic Study on the Sequential Progression of Gastric Precancerous Lesions.

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology·2026
Same journal

Resource-Stratified Carbon-Adjusted Quality Indicators for Green Endoscopy.

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology·2026
Same journal

Five-Year Outcomes and Disease Trajectories in Moderate-to-Severe Ulcerative Colitis: A Korean Multicenter Inception Cohort.

Journal of gastroenterology and hepatology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Hepatocyte-specific Ablation in Zebrafish to Study Biliary-driven Liver Regeneration
08:14

Hepatocyte-specific Ablation in Zebrafish to Study Biliary-driven Liver Regeneration

Published on: May 20, 2015

9.2K

Signal transduction during liver regeneration.

D A Brenner1

  • 1University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA.

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology
|October 5, 2017
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Partial hepatectomy (PH) triggers c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) activation via tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα), promoting liver regeneration. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) induction is essential to prevent apoptosis and ensure cell cycle progression during PH recovery.

Keywords:
activating protein-1apoptosisc-Junc-Jun amino-terminal kinaseliver regenerationtumour necrosis factor-α

More Related Videos

Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration
10:42

Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration

Published on: May 13, 2016

9.6K
Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver
10:06

Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

Published on: September 17, 2019

8.3K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 21, 2026

Hepatocyte-specific Ablation in Zebrafish to Study Biliary-driven Liver Regeneration
08:14

Hepatocyte-specific Ablation in Zebrafish to Study Biliary-driven Liver Regeneration

Published on: May 20, 2015

9.2K
Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration
10:42

Development of an Ethanol-induced Fibrotic Liver Model in Zebrafish to Study Progenitor Cell-mediated Hepatocyte Regeneration

Published on: May 13, 2016

9.6K
Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver
10:06

Cell Type-specific Gene Expression Profiling in the Mouse Liver

Published on: September 17, 2019

8.3K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology and Molecular Biology
  • Cellular signaling pathways in liver regeneration
  • Transcription factor regulation

Background:

  • Partial hepatectomy (PH) initiates a complex cascade of biochemical events preceding hepatocyte proliferation.
  • Understanding the regulation of transcription factors like c-Jun and nuclear factor-kappa B (NFκB) is crucial for elucidating liver regeneration mechanisms.
  • The roles of c-Jun amino-terminal kinase (JNK) and TNFα in this process require further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the regulation and role of the AP-1 transcription factor c-Jun during hepatic regeneration after PH.
  • To determine the involvement of JNK signaling and TNFα in c-Jun activation and subsequent AP-1-dependent gene transcription.
  • To elucidate the physiological function of NFκB induction during liver regeneration following PH.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of c-Jun mRNA levels, AP-1 binding activity, and JNK activity following varying degrees of PH in rats.
  • In vitro studies using primary rat hepatocytes treated with growth factors to assess AP-1 activity and c-Jun phosphorylation.
  • In vivo experiments using neutralizing antibodies against TNFα and adenoviral vectors expressing a super-repressor of NFκB (Ad5IκB) to evaluate their effects on liver regeneration, apoptosis, and cell cycle progression.

Main Results:

  • PH progressively increased c-Jun mRNA and AP-1 binding activity, with concomitant stimulation of JNK activity, including JNK1.
  • TNFα neutralization inhibited hepatocyte DNA synthesis and JNK activation post-PH, indicating its requirement for JNK-mediated c-Jun phosphorylation and AP-1 transcription.
  • Inhibition of NFκB by Ad5IκB administration post-PH led to increased apoptosis, cell cycle arrest, and liver failure, suggesting NFκB is critical for preventing these adverse outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • JNK activation following PH is mediated by TNFα, leading to c-Jun phosphorylation and enhanced transcription of AP-1-dependent genes, crucial for liver regeneration.
  • NFκB induction during liver regeneration is essential for preventing apoptosis and allowing normal cell cycle progression, thereby maintaining liver function post-PH.