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CRISPR01:59

CRISPR

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Genome editing technologies allow scientists to modify an organism’s DNA via the addition, removal, or rearrangement of genetic material at specific genomic locations. These types of techniques could potentially be used to cure genetic disorders such as hemophilia and sickle cell anemia. One popular and widely used DNA-editing research tool that could lead to safe and effective cures for genetic disorders is the CRISPR-Cas9 system. CRISPR-Cas9 stands for Clustered Regularly Interspaced...
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The CRISPR-Cas system serves as a bacterial defense mechanism against invading genetic elements such as viruses and plasmids, forming the foundation for its adaptation as a powerful genome-editing tool. Originally discovered in prokaryotes, this system has been repurposed to revolutionize genetic engineering across a wide range of organisms, including plants, animals, and humans. The core component, Cas9, is an endonuclease derived from Streptococcus pyogenes, capable of introducing...
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Homologous Recombination02:31

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The basic reaction of homologous recombination (HR) involves two chromatids that contain DNA sequences sharing a significant stretch of identity. One of these sequences uses a strand from another as a template to synthesize DNA in an enzyme-catalyzed reaction. The final product is a novel amalgamation of the two substrates. To ensure an accurate recombination of sequences, HR is restricted to the S and G2 phases of the cell cycle. At these stages, the DNA has been replicated already and the...
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Bacteria and archaea are susceptible to viral infections just like eukaryotes; therefore, they have developed a unique adaptive immune system to protect themselves. Clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) are present in more than 45% of known bacteria and 90% of known archaea.
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Because the DNA segments are cut and reorganized in a direction-specific manner, site-specific recombination has emerged as an efficient genetic engineering technique. Flippase and Cyclization recombinases or Flp and Cre, respectively, are two members of the tyrosine recombinase family derived from bacteriophages, that are used to mediate site-specific DNA insertions, deletions, and targeted expression of proteins in mammalian cell lines.
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RNA targeting with CRISPR-Cas13.

Omar O Abudayyeh1,2,3,4,5, Jonathan S Gootenberg1,2,3,4,6, Patrick Essletzbichler1,2,3,4

  • 1Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142, USA.

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|October 5, 2017
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This summary is machine-generated.

Scientists engineered CRISPR-Cas13a for precise RNA manipulation in mammalian cells. This new tool offers targeted RNA knockdown and live-cell transcript tracking with improved specificity over existing methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Molecular tools for RNA manipulation and measurement are limited.
  • Current methods like RNA interference have off-target effects.
  • Visualizing RNA often requires exogenous tags.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To engineer the CRISPR-Cas13a system for RNA knockdown and binding in mammalian cells.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and specificity of LwaCas13a for RNA targeting.
  • To develop a programmable platform for studying RNA in live cells.

Main Methods:

  • Screened 15 Cas13a orthologues to identify the most effective variant (LwaCas13a).
  • Expressed LwaCas13a heterologously in mammalian and plant cells.
  • Utilized catalytically inactive LwaCas13a for RNA binding and tracking.

Main Results:

  • LwaCas13a demonstrated effective targeted knockdown of reporter and endogenous transcripts.
  • Achieved knockdown levels comparable to RNA interference but with improved specificity.
  • Demonstrated programmable tracking of transcripts in live cells using inactive LwaCas13a.

Conclusions:

  • CRISPR-Cas13a is a versatile platform for RNA research in mammalian cells.
  • LwaCas13a offers a specific and programmable tool for RNA knockdown and visualization.
  • This technology has potential applications in therapeutic development for RNA-related diseases.