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Heritability is a statistical concept that measures the degree to which genetic differences among individuals contribute to trait variations within a population. It is a fundamental idea in genetics, often prone to misinterpretation. Heritability is expressed as a percentage, reflecting the proportion of variation in a specific trait across a population that can be linked to genetic differences. However, it's important to understand that heritability does not determine how "genetic"...
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Using Cholesky Decomposition to Explore Individual Differences in Longitudinal Relations between Reading Skills
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Sleep Duration, Mortality, and Heredity-A Prospective Twin Study.

Torbjörn Åkerstedt1,2, Jurgita Narusyte3, Kristina Alexanderson3

  • 1Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.

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Both short and long sleep durations are linked to increased mortality. While short sleep

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Sleep research
  • Genetics
  • Public health

Background:

  • U-shaped association between sleep duration and mortality is well-documented.
  • Sleep duration has a genetic component, suggesting genetic influence on its mortality association.
  • Understanding genetic vs. environmental factors in sleep-mortality links is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate the influence of heredity on the association between sleep duration and mortality.
  • Differentiate genetic and environmental contributions to mortality risk in short and long sleepers.
  • Utilize twin study design to disentangle genetic and environmental factors.

Main Methods:

  • Employed a large cohort of 14,267 twins from the Swedish Twin Registry.
  • Conducted Cox proportional hazards regression analysis adjusted for covariates.
  • Performed co-twin analyses on 1,942 discordant twin pairs for mortality.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed a U-shaped association: short sleep (≤6.5 hours) HR=1.34, long sleep (≥9.5 hours) HR=1.18.
  • Co-twin analysis showed increased mortality risk for long sleep in monozygotic twins (HR=2.66).
  • Heritability for mortality was 86% for short sleepers and 42% for long sleepers.

Conclusions:

  • Both short and long sleep durations are associated with higher total mortality.
  • Long sleep's mortality association appears more influenced by environmental factors.
  • Short sleep's mortality association is predominantly driven by heritability.