Overview of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting and evidence-based therapies

Among patients with cancer, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) is a common adverse effect that not only impacts quality of life, but also treatment outcomes. It is important to address these issues from both prevention and treatment standpoints so that patients remain adherent to their regimens. With CINV being classified into 5 different types, the primary medication options for prevention and treatment include 5-HT3 receptor antagonists, NK1 receptor antagonists, and corticosteroids. Other medications used, but to a lesser extent, include dopamine antagonists, benzodiazepines, cannabinoids, and olanzapine. In addition, those patients who express interest in alternative or nonpharmacologic therapies may have options as well. With the array of medications available for patients with cancer, pharmacists play an integral role in optimizing patient outcomes. Therefore, it is important that pharmacists stay up-to-date on the most current guidelines available for CINV treatment.