Overview of atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD), also known as atopic eczema, is a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin condition. Incidence of AD has increased 2- to 3-fold in industrialized nations, impacting approximately 15% to 20% of children and 1% to 3% of adults worldwide. AD has a wide-ranging impact on a patient's quality of life and the burden from direct and indirect costs (approximately $37.7 billion in out-of-pocket costs) is shared by the families and caregivers of patients with AD. This article reviews the epidemiology, burden of disease, pathophysiology, and diagnostic criteria important for early diagnosis and treatment. New insights related to the genetic, immunologic, and environmental impacts of AD have created new treatment opportunities. Nonpharmacologic and pharmacologic interventions are discussed, with an emphasis on emerging treatments for AD. Healthcare providers play an important role in the management of AD to improve economic and clinical outcomes. Treatment strategies need to be individualized with a strong emphasis on patient education and self-management strategies to optimize outcomes and reduce unnecessary costs associated with the management of AD.