Frontline treatment of AML in adults

Despite recent progress in diagnosis and leukemogenesis based on genomic landscapes in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML), advances in AML treatment lag behind. Over the past four decades, combination chemotherapy with anthracycline and cytarabine remains the standard induction therapy. Subsequent post-remission consolidation therapy stratifies patients into favorable-risk, intermediate-risk, and unfavorable-risk groups to assign post-remission therapies based on cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular mutations. Allogeneic stem-cell transplant decreases the risk of AML recurrence compared to standard chemotherapy, but it also raises the risk of serious complications. Recent large collections of matched genomic and clinical data may assist in selecting the best individualized therapy for each AML patient. Emerging evidence indicates that molecularly targeted therapies such as FLT3 and IDH inhibitors may be effective in distinct AML subtypes, providing further rationale for a personalized medicine approach. An umbrella trial, such as "BEAT AML Master Trial," designed to offer novel targeted therapy to AML patients based on their genetic characteristics, will be launching worldwide in the near future.