Actions of Propofol on Neurons in the Cerebral Cortex

Propofol is primarily a hypnotic, and is widely used for induction and maintenance of anesthesia, as well as for sedation in various medical procedures. The exact mechanisms of its action are not well understood, although its neural mechanisms have been explored in in vivo and in vitro experiments. Accumulating evidence indicates that one of the major targets of propofol is the cerebral cortex. The principal effect of propofol is considered to be the potentiation of GABA_A receptor-mediated inhibitory synaptic currents, but propofol has additional roles in modulating ion channels, including voltage-gated Na⁺ channels and several K⁺ channels. We focus on the pharmacological actions of propofol on cerebrocortical neurons, particularly at the cellular and synaptic levels.