Enzyme-based amperometric galactose biosensors: a review

Area of Science:

• Biomedical Engineering
• Analytical Chemistry
• Biosensor Technology

Background:

• Galactose detection is crucial in various fields, including clinical diagnostics and food analysis.
• Biosensors offer a promising platform for sensitive and selective galactose quantification.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review and compare different strategies for galactose biosensor development.
• To analyze the analytical performance and immobilization methods of existing galactose biosensors.
• To discuss the application of galactose biosensors in real sample analysis.

Main Methods:

• Enzyme immobilization techniques (cross-linking, adsorption, covalent bonding, entrapment) for galactose oxidase and dehydrogenase.
• Comparative analysis of analytical performance characteristics of various galactose biosensors.
• Review of literature with 35 references on galactose biosensor strategies.

Main Results:

• Summarized and detailed comparison of enzyme immobilization methods and biosensor performance in tabular and descriptive formats.
• Demonstrated applications of galactose biosensors using selected examples for real sample analysis.
• Overview of biosensors utilizing galactose oxidase and galactose dehydrogenase.

Conclusions:

• The review provides a comprehensive summary of the state-of-the-art in galactose biosensor technology.
• Identified current challenges and future directions for the development of improved galactose biosensors.
• Highlighted the significance of galactose biosensors for diverse applications.