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Related Concept Videos

Sensory Functions of the Skin01:16

Sensory Functions of the Skin

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The skin is the largest organ of the human body and plays a crucial role in our sensory perception. It contains a vast network of sensory receptors that contribute to the skin's protective function by perceiving physical, biological, and environmental cues and generating relevant responses.
There are two main categories of receptors on the skin: capsulated and non-capsulated. The non-capsulated ones are mainly the pain receptors. The capsulated ones can be further categorized based on the...
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Tactile and Chemical Senses01:27

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Tactile senses encompass touch, temperature, and pain, each mediated by specific receptors. Touch receptors detect mechanical energy or pressure against the skin. Sensory fibers from these receptors enter the spinal cord and relay information to the brain stem. Here, most fibers cross over to the opposite side of the brain. The touch information then moves to the thalamus, which projects a map of the body's surface onto the somatosensory areas of the parietal lobes in the cerebral cortex.
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Somatosensation01:33

Somatosensation

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The somatosensory system relays sensory information from the skin, mucous membranes, limbs, and joints. Somatosensation is more familiarly known as the sense of touch. A typical somatosensory pathway includes three types of long neurons: primary, secondary, and tertiary. Primary neurons have cell bodies located near the spinal cord in groups of neurons called dorsal root ganglia. The sensory neurons of ganglia innervate designated areas of skin called dermatomes.
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Nanowire FET Based Neural Element for Robotic Tactile Sensing Skin.

William Taube Navaraj1, Carlos García Núñez1, Dhayalan Shakthivel1

  • 1Bendable Electronics and Sensing Technologies Group, School of Engineering, University of GlasgowGlasgow, United Kingdom.

Frontiers in Neuroscience
|October 6, 2017
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Summary

This study introduces novel Neural Nanowire Field Effect Transistors (υ-NWFETs) for hardware-implementable neural networks (HNNs) in electronic skin. Fabricated devices demonstrate potential for advanced tactile sensing and neuro-robotic applications.

Keywords:
Nanowire Field Effect Transistorneuro-roboticssilicon nanowiresparse codingtactile skin

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Neuroscience
  • Robotics

Background:

  • Electronic skin (e-skin) requires advanced tactile data processing capabilities.
  • Hardware-implementable neural networks (HNNs) offer efficient computation for e-skin applications.
  • Nanowire field-effect transistors (NWFETs) are being explored for neuromorphic computing.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present a novel approach for tactile data processing in e-skin using Neural Nanowire Field Effect Transistors (υ-NWFETs) for HNNs.
  • To explore the viability of silicon nanowires (NWs) in υ-NWFETs for HNNs through modeling and fabrication.
  • To demonstrate the integration of υ-NWFET based HNNs with a tactile skin prototype for gesture and touch direction detection.

Main Methods:

  • Modeling and simulation of υ-NWFET devices to determine synaptic weights based on gate overlap.
  • Fabrication of a four-gated υ-NWFET using specific materials (Pt/Ti, Ni, Al2O3).
  • Interfacing simulated υ-NWFET circuits with a 6x6 capacitive tactile sensor array on a robotic hand.

Main Results:

  • Simulations confirmed that gate overlap in υ-NWFETs dictates synaptic weights, validating their use as HNN building blocks.
  • Fabricated υ-NWFET current-voltage characteristics showed dependence of turn-off voltages on gate weights.
  • A tactile data coding system was presented and validated for touch gesture and direction detection with the integrated system.

Conclusions:

  • The presented υ-NWFET approach is a viable and promising method for creating hardware-implementable neural networks for tactile data processing in e-skin.
  • This technology enables the development of bendable tactile skins with distributed neural elements for local data processing.
  • The υ-NWFET approach holds significant potential for neuro-robotic systems, prosthetics, and electroceutical applications.